Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review
One billion hectares of land worldwide is affected by several kinds of salinity and associated problems. The soil quality (SQ) in salt-affected soil (SAS) is impaired because of the presence of excess electrolytes, disproportionate Na and Ca in soil solution and exchange phase, rhythmic changes in t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.935785/full |
| _version_ | 1811284009993371648 |
|---|---|
| author | Nirmalendu Basak Arvind Kumar Rai Parul Sundha Rameshwar Lal Meena Sandeep Bedwal Rajender Kumar Yadav Parbodh Chander Sharma |
| author_facet | Nirmalendu Basak Arvind Kumar Rai Parul Sundha Rameshwar Lal Meena Sandeep Bedwal Rajender Kumar Yadav Parbodh Chander Sharma |
| author_sort | Nirmalendu Basak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One billion hectares of land worldwide is affected by several kinds of salinity and associated problems. The soil quality (SQ) in salt-affected soil (SAS) is impaired because of the presence of excess electrolytes, disproportionate Na and Ca in soil solution and exchange phase, rhythmic changes in the hydrological cycle, decreasing soil organic matter, poor vegetative cover, low soil biological activity, and crop residue return. Sodic and saline–sodic soils have the potential to provide alkaline reactions and soil physical constraints to regulate the soil attributes affecting SQ. Because of high spatial variability and rapid temporal changes, selection of simple, robust, low cost, and high-throughput master indicators for assessing SQ is very essential for monitoring the aggradation or degradation of SAS. Therefore, screening the master indicators for developing a minimum dataset for SQ assessment of SAS is an important issue for sustainable management of soil in these agro-ecologies. We captured the SQ indicators for SAS from several ecosystems of different countries and discussed the problems of parameterization for assessing SQ. Improved SQ for optimum soil functioning is needed for confirming agricultural productivity and food security around the globe. This review describes the causes and drivers for sodification/salinization and mechanism-oriented rehabilitation options such as the application of mineral gypsum, flue-gas–desulfurized gypsum, elemental S, acidified biochar, polymer, salt tolerance mechanisms, and other agro-techniques for improving the quality of SAS. Based on the SQ assessment, a suite of site-specific soil management practices are advocated for the greening of SAS and prosperity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:22:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aec7c72211a948a297939972d618e724 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T02:22:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-aec7c72211a948a297939972d618e7242022-12-22T03:06:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2022-08-011010.3389/fenvs.2022.935785935785Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive reviewNirmalendu BasakArvind Kumar RaiParul SundhaRameshwar Lal MeenaSandeep BedwalRajender Kumar YadavParbodh Chander SharmaOne billion hectares of land worldwide is affected by several kinds of salinity and associated problems. The soil quality (SQ) in salt-affected soil (SAS) is impaired because of the presence of excess electrolytes, disproportionate Na and Ca in soil solution and exchange phase, rhythmic changes in the hydrological cycle, decreasing soil organic matter, poor vegetative cover, low soil biological activity, and crop residue return. Sodic and saline–sodic soils have the potential to provide alkaline reactions and soil physical constraints to regulate the soil attributes affecting SQ. Because of high spatial variability and rapid temporal changes, selection of simple, robust, low cost, and high-throughput master indicators for assessing SQ is very essential for monitoring the aggradation or degradation of SAS. Therefore, screening the master indicators for developing a minimum dataset for SQ assessment of SAS is an important issue for sustainable management of soil in these agro-ecologies. We captured the SQ indicators for SAS from several ecosystems of different countries and discussed the problems of parameterization for assessing SQ. Improved SQ for optimum soil functioning is needed for confirming agricultural productivity and food security around the globe. This review describes the causes and drivers for sodification/salinization and mechanism-oriented rehabilitation options such as the application of mineral gypsum, flue-gas–desulfurized gypsum, elemental S, acidified biochar, polymer, salt tolerance mechanisms, and other agro-techniques for improving the quality of SAS. Based on the SQ assessment, a suite of site-specific soil management practices are advocated for the greening of SAS and prosperity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.935785/fullamendmentssoil qualitysoil quality indicatorssalt-affected soilsalt tolerance mechanismsustainable management |
| spellingShingle | Nirmalendu Basak Arvind Kumar Rai Parul Sundha Rameshwar Lal Meena Sandeep Bedwal Rajender Kumar Yadav Parbodh Chander Sharma Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review Frontiers in Environmental Science amendments soil quality soil quality indicators salt-affected soil salt tolerance mechanism sustainable management |
| title | Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review |
| title_full | Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review |
| title_short | Assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt-affected agroecosystem: A comprehensive review |
| title_sort | assessing soil quality for rehabilitation of salt affected agroecosystem a comprehensive review |
| topic | amendments soil quality soil quality indicators salt-affected soil salt tolerance mechanism sustainable management |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2022.935785/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nirmalendubasak assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview AT arvindkumarrai assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview AT parulsundha assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview AT rameshwarlalmeena assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview AT sandeepbedwal assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview AT rajenderkumaryadav assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview AT parbodhchandersharma assessingsoilqualityforrehabilitationofsaltaffectedagroecosystemacomprehensivereview |