Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.)
The common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) seed is an ideal plant-based protein food for humans, but its edible value is mainly limited by the presence of cyanogenic glycosides that hydrolyze to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the genes that regulate HCN synthesis in common vetc...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/4/2275 |
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| author | Mingyu Li Lu Zhao Qiang Zhou Longfa Fang Dong Luo Wenxian Liu Iain Robert Searle Zhipeng Liu |
| author_facet | Mingyu Li Lu Zhao Qiang Zhou Longfa Fang Dong Luo Wenxian Liu Iain Robert Searle Zhipeng Liu |
| author_sort | Mingyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) seed is an ideal plant-based protein food for humans, but its edible value is mainly limited by the presence of cyanogenic glycosides that hydrolyze to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the genes that regulate HCN synthesis in common vetch are unknown. In this study, seeds from common vetch at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days after anthesis were sampled, and the seven stages were further divided into five developmental stages, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, based on morphological and transcriptome analyses. A total of 16,403 differentially expressed genes were identified in the five developmental stages. The HCN contents of seeds in these five stages were determined by alkaline titration, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to explain the molecular regulatory mechanism of HCN synthesis in common vetch seeds. Eighteen key regulatory genes for HCN synthesis were identified, including the <i>VsGT2</i>, <i>VsGT17</i> and <i>CYP71A</i> genes, as well as the <i>VsGT1</i> gene family. <i>VsGT1</i>, <i>VsGT2</i>, <i>VsGT17</i> and <i>CYP71A</i> jointly promoted HCN synthesis, from 5 to 25 days after anthesis, with <i>VsGT1-1</i>, <i>VsGT1-4</i>, <i>VsGT1-11</i> and <i>VsGT1-14</i> playing major roles. The HCN synthesis was mainly regulated by <i>VsGT1,</i> from 25 to 35 days after anthesis. As the expression level of <i>VsGT1</i> decreased, the HCN content no longer increased. In-depth elucidation of seed HCN synthesis lays the foundations for breeding common vetch with low HCN content. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:44:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-aed675b95acb452aa95b62c89eb564ae2023-11-23T20:22:48ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01234227510.3390/ijms23042275Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.)Mingyu Li0Lu Zhao1Qiang Zhou2Longfa Fang3Dong Luo4Wenxian Liu5Iain Robert Searle6Zhipeng Liu7State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaSchool of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, AustraliaState Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinaThe common vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) seed is an ideal plant-based protein food for humans, but its edible value is mainly limited by the presence of cyanogenic glycosides that hydrolyze to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the genes that regulate HCN synthesis in common vetch are unknown. In this study, seeds from common vetch at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days after anthesis were sampled, and the seven stages were further divided into five developmental stages, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, based on morphological and transcriptome analyses. A total of 16,403 differentially expressed genes were identified in the five developmental stages. The HCN contents of seeds in these five stages were determined by alkaline titration, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to explain the molecular regulatory mechanism of HCN synthesis in common vetch seeds. Eighteen key regulatory genes for HCN synthesis were identified, including the <i>VsGT2</i>, <i>VsGT17</i> and <i>CYP71A</i> genes, as well as the <i>VsGT1</i> gene family. <i>VsGT1</i>, <i>VsGT2</i>, <i>VsGT17</i> and <i>CYP71A</i> jointly promoted HCN synthesis, from 5 to 25 days after anthesis, with <i>VsGT1-1</i>, <i>VsGT1-4</i>, <i>VsGT1-11</i> and <i>VsGT1-14</i> playing major roles. The HCN synthesis was mainly regulated by <i>VsGT1,</i> from 25 to 35 days after anthesis. As the expression level of <i>VsGT1</i> decreased, the HCN content no longer increased. In-depth elucidation of seed HCN synthesis lays the foundations for breeding common vetch with low HCN content.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/4/2275common vetchseed developmentHCNtranscriptome |
| spellingShingle | Mingyu Li Lu Zhao Qiang Zhou Longfa Fang Dong Luo Wenxian Liu Iain Robert Searle Zhipeng Liu Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) International Journal of Molecular Sciences common vetch seed development HCN transcriptome |
| title | Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) |
| title_full | Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) |
| title_short | Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch (<i>Vicia sativa</i> L.) |
| title_sort | transcriptome and coexpression network analyses provide in sights into the molecular mechanisms of hydrogen cyanide synthesis during seed development in common vetch i vicia sativa i l |
| topic | common vetch seed development HCN transcriptome |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/4/2275 |
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