Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges

Marine sponges host dense, diverse, and species-specific microbial communities around the globe; however, most of the current knowledge is restricted to species from tropical and temperate waters. Only recently, some studies have assessed the microbiome of a few Antarctic sponges; however, contrary...

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Main Authors: César A. Cárdenas, Alejandro Font, Georg Steinert, Rodolfo Rondon, Marcelo González-Aravena
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02699/full
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author César A. Cárdenas
Alejandro Font
Georg Steinert
Rodolfo Rondon
Marcelo González-Aravena
author_facet César A. Cárdenas
Alejandro Font
Georg Steinert
Rodolfo Rondon
Marcelo González-Aravena
author_sort César A. Cárdenas
collection DOAJ
description Marine sponges host dense, diverse, and species-specific microbial communities around the globe; however, most of the current knowledge is restricted to species from tropical and temperate waters. Only recently, some studies have assessed the microbiome of a few Antarctic sponges; however, contrary to low mid-latitude sponges, the knowledge about temporal (stability) patterns in the bacterial communities of Antarctic sponges is absent. Here, we studied the temporal patterns of bacterial communities in the Antarctic sponges Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata, Isodictya sp., Hymeniacidon torquata, and Tedania (Tedaniopsis) wellsae that were tagged in situ and monitored during three austral summers over a 24-month period. By using amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene we found that the microbiome differed between species. In general, bacterial communities were dominated by gammaproteobacterial OTUs; however, M. acerata showed the most distinct pattern, being dominated by a single betaproteobacterial OTU. The analysis at OTU level (defined at 97% sequence similarity) showed a highly stable bacterial community through time, despite the abnormal seawater temperatures (reaching 3°C) and rates of temperature increase of 0.15°C day–1 recorded in austral summer 2017. Sponges were characterized by a small core bacterial community that accounted for a high percentage of the abundance. Overall, no consistent changes in core OTU abundance were recorded for all studied species, confirming a high temporal stability of the microbiome. In addition, predicted functional pathway profiles showed that the most abundant pathways among all sponges belonged mostly to metabolism pathway groups (e.g., amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, and nucleotide). The predicted functional pathway patterns differed among the four sponge species. However, no clear temporal differences were detected supporting what was found in terms of the relatively stable composition of the bacterial communities.
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spelling doaj.art-aeee55ced2444279b104b6b037f69a4b2022-12-22T00:59:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-11-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.02699470847Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic SpongesCésar A. Cárdenas0Alejandro Font1Georg Steinert2Rodolfo Rondon3Marcelo González-Aravena4Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, ChileDepartamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, ChileInstitute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, GermanyDepartamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, ChileDepartamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, ChileMarine sponges host dense, diverse, and species-specific microbial communities around the globe; however, most of the current knowledge is restricted to species from tropical and temperate waters. Only recently, some studies have assessed the microbiome of a few Antarctic sponges; however, contrary to low mid-latitude sponges, the knowledge about temporal (stability) patterns in the bacterial communities of Antarctic sponges is absent. Here, we studied the temporal patterns of bacterial communities in the Antarctic sponges Mycale (Oxymycale) acerata, Isodictya sp., Hymeniacidon torquata, and Tedania (Tedaniopsis) wellsae that were tagged in situ and monitored during three austral summers over a 24-month period. By using amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene we found that the microbiome differed between species. In general, bacterial communities were dominated by gammaproteobacterial OTUs; however, M. acerata showed the most distinct pattern, being dominated by a single betaproteobacterial OTU. The analysis at OTU level (defined at 97% sequence similarity) showed a highly stable bacterial community through time, despite the abnormal seawater temperatures (reaching 3°C) and rates of temperature increase of 0.15°C day–1 recorded in austral summer 2017. Sponges were characterized by a small core bacterial community that accounted for a high percentage of the abundance. Overall, no consistent changes in core OTU abundance were recorded for all studied species, confirming a high temporal stability of the microbiome. In addition, predicted functional pathway profiles showed that the most abundant pathways among all sponges belonged mostly to metabolism pathway groups (e.g., amino acid, carbohydrate, energy, and nucleotide). The predicted functional pathway patterns differed among the four sponge species. However, no clear temporal differences were detected supporting what was found in terms of the relatively stable composition of the bacterial communities.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02699/fullPoriferacold-water spongesAntarcticaWAP16S rRNAenvironmental variability
spellingShingle César A. Cárdenas
Alejandro Font
Georg Steinert
Rodolfo Rondon
Marcelo González-Aravena
Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges
Frontiers in Microbiology
Porifera
cold-water sponges
Antarctica
WAP
16S rRNA
environmental variability
title Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges
title_full Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges
title_fullStr Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges
title_full_unstemmed Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges
title_short Temporal Stability of Bacterial Communities in Antarctic Sponges
title_sort temporal stability of bacterial communities in antarctic sponges
topic Porifera
cold-water sponges
Antarctica
WAP
16S rRNA
environmental variability
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02699/full
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