Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy
The CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloys (MEA) have been extensively investigated due to their exceptional mechanical properties at both room and cryogenic temperatures. To investigate the hot deformation behavior and the recrystallization mechanism of the CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/1/3 |
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| author | Li Zhang Hui Zhao Lijia Chen Feng Li Weiqiang Zhang Ge Zhou Haoyu Zhang Ningning Geng |
| author_facet | Li Zhang Hui Zhao Lijia Chen Feng Li Weiqiang Zhang Ge Zhou Haoyu Zhang Ningning Geng |
| author_sort | Li Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloys (MEA) have been extensively investigated due to their exceptional mechanical properties at both room and cryogenic temperatures. To investigate the hot deformation behavior and the recrystallization mechanism of the CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> medium-entropy alloy, a series of deformation tests was conducted using the MMS-100 thermal simulation tester, with deformation conditions of 0.001–1 s<sup>−1</sup>/850–1150 °C. During the hot deformation process, the flow stress initially increases up to its peak value before gradually decreasing towards a steady state level. Higher flow stress levels are observed with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The estimated activation energy for hot deformation of this alloy is approximately 423.6602 kJ/mol. The Arrhenius-type constitutive equation is utilized to establish a modified model while incorporating power dissipation theory and the instability criterion of a dynamic material model to construct power dissipation maps and instability maps. By superimposing these maps, hot processing maps with strains of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 are derived. In this investigation, it is observed that regions of instability exclusively occur when the true strain exceeds 0.4. These regions of instability on the hot processing map align well with experimental findings. The suitable range of parameters for hot-working decreases as the true strain increases. The microstructure was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) decreases with increasing strain rate but diminishes with rising temperature. The TEM characterization elucidated the mechanism of DRX in this MEA. The presence of the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase was observed in both the face-centered cubic matrix and hexagonal close-packed recrystallized grains under different deformation conditions. The LPSO phase originates from the matrix at a low strain rate, whereas it is generated during recrystallization at a high strain rate. The observed increase in flow stress of the as-cast MEA is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the interaction of the dislocation with twins and the second phase. The onset of instability is effectively suppressed within a limited range through the formation of coherent second phases such as L1<sub>2</sub>, LPSO, and superlattice structures resulting from phase transitions. These second phases serve as nucleation sites for recrystallization and contribute to the strengthening of dispersion. Furthermore, their interaction with dislocations and twins significantly influences both flow stress behavior and recrystallization kinetics under hot deformation. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the underlying deformation mechanisms governing MEA but also offer valuable insights for designing CoCrNi-based alloys with improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:56:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aef4bfebb0f144feb99debdee9cc2085 |
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| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:56:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-aef4bfebb0f144feb99debdee9cc20852024-01-29T13:50:44ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522023-12-01141310.3390/cryst14010003Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> AlloyLi Zhang0Hui Zhao1Lijia Chen2Feng Li3Weiqiang Zhang4Ge Zhou5Haoyu Zhang6Ningning Geng7School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, ChinaThe CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloys (MEA) have been extensively investigated due to their exceptional mechanical properties at both room and cryogenic temperatures. To investigate the hot deformation behavior and the recrystallization mechanism of the CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> medium-entropy alloy, a series of deformation tests was conducted using the MMS-100 thermal simulation tester, with deformation conditions of 0.001–1 s<sup>−1</sup>/850–1150 °C. During the hot deformation process, the flow stress initially increases up to its peak value before gradually decreasing towards a steady state level. Higher flow stress levels are observed with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The estimated activation energy for hot deformation of this alloy is approximately 423.6602 kJ/mol. The Arrhenius-type constitutive equation is utilized to establish a modified model while incorporating power dissipation theory and the instability criterion of a dynamic material model to construct power dissipation maps and instability maps. By superimposing these maps, hot processing maps with strains of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 are derived. In this investigation, it is observed that regions of instability exclusively occur when the true strain exceeds 0.4. These regions of instability on the hot processing map align well with experimental findings. The suitable range of parameters for hot-working decreases as the true strain increases. The microstructure was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) decreases with increasing strain rate but diminishes with rising temperature. The TEM characterization elucidated the mechanism of DRX in this MEA. The presence of the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase was observed in both the face-centered cubic matrix and hexagonal close-packed recrystallized grains under different deformation conditions. The LPSO phase originates from the matrix at a low strain rate, whereas it is generated during recrystallization at a high strain rate. The observed increase in flow stress of the as-cast MEA is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the interaction of the dislocation with twins and the second phase. The onset of instability is effectively suppressed within a limited range through the formation of coherent second phases such as L1<sub>2</sub>, LPSO, and superlattice structures resulting from phase transitions. These second phases serve as nucleation sites for recrystallization and contribute to the strengthening of dispersion. Furthermore, their interaction with dislocations and twins significantly influences both flow stress behavior and recrystallization kinetics under hot deformation. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the underlying deformation mechanisms governing MEA but also offer valuable insights for designing CoCrNi-based alloys with improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/1/3hot deformationmedium-entropy alloyconstitutive equationhot processing mapsuper latticeLPSO |
| spellingShingle | Li Zhang Hui Zhao Lijia Chen Feng Li Weiqiang Zhang Ge Zhou Haoyu Zhang Ningning Geng Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy Crystals hot deformation medium-entropy alloy constitutive equation hot processing map super lattice LPSO |
| title | Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy |
| title_full | Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy |
| title_short | Investigation of the Hot Deformation Behavior and Mechanism of a Medium-Entropy CoCr<sub>0.4</sub>NiSi<sub>0.3</sub> Alloy |
| title_sort | investigation of the hot deformation behavior and mechanism of a medium entropy cocr sub 0 4 sub nisi sub 0 3 sub alloy |
| topic | hot deformation medium-entropy alloy constitutive equation hot processing map super lattice LPSO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/14/1/3 |
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