Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method
The sand-cone method is commonly used to measure the in situ density of compacted soils. While determining field density with this method, differences in the sand-filling process between the test hole and the calibration container can cause errors. The differences can result from various in situ con...
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| Materyal Türü: | Makale |
| Dil: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Seri Bilgileri: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Erişim: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/2/718 |
| _version_ | 1827601500744974336 |
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| author | Sung-Sik Park Peter D. Ogunjinmi Hyun-Il Lee Seung-Wook Woo Dong-Eun Lee |
| author_facet | Sung-Sik Park Peter D. Ogunjinmi Hyun-Il Lee Seung-Wook Woo Dong-Eun Lee |
| author_sort | Sung-Sik Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sand-cone method is commonly used to measure the in situ density of compacted soils. While determining field density with this method, differences in the sand-filling process between the test hole and the calibration container can cause errors. The differences can result from various in situ conditions such as the shape and size of the test hole and the moisture conditions of the filling sand and test ground. Temporary rainfall can increase the moisture content of both in situ soils and filling sand. This study examined the effect of wetting conditions on the accuracy of the sand-cone method in a laboratory. Compacted soils with different water contents (2–16%) were prepared in a small circular container in the laboratory, and the sand-filling process was simulated for cylindrical, conical, and roof-shaped test holes with depths of 10 and 15 cm. As the water content of the compacted soils increased, the sand-cone method underestimated the volume of sand accumulated in the test holes by up to 20%, resulting in the calculated density being overestimated by an identical amount. Slightly moist sand was poured into artificial test holes. When the water content of the filling sand was below 1%, no significant error was observed in the calculated volume. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:57:25Z |
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| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:57:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-aefc5bec9df44add9e8aa21b03537bb22023-12-03T13:04:15ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-01-0111271810.3390/app11020718Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone MethodSung-Sik Park0Peter D. Ogunjinmi1Hyun-Il Lee2Seung-Wook Woo3Dong-Eun Lee4Department of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Daelim Construction Company, 14 Mirae-ro, Namdonggu, Incheon 21556, KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, KoreaSchool of Architecture, Civil, Environment and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, KoreaThe sand-cone method is commonly used to measure the in situ density of compacted soils. While determining field density with this method, differences in the sand-filling process between the test hole and the calibration container can cause errors. The differences can result from various in situ conditions such as the shape and size of the test hole and the moisture conditions of the filling sand and test ground. Temporary rainfall can increase the moisture content of both in situ soils and filling sand. This study examined the effect of wetting conditions on the accuracy of the sand-cone method in a laboratory. Compacted soils with different water contents (2–16%) were prepared in a small circular container in the laboratory, and the sand-filling process was simulated for cylindrical, conical, and roof-shaped test holes with depths of 10 and 15 cm. As the water content of the compacted soils increased, the sand-cone method underestimated the volume of sand accumulated in the test holes by up to 20%, resulting in the calculated density being overestimated by an identical amount. Slightly moist sand was poured into artificial test holes. When the water content of the filling sand was below 1%, no significant error was observed in the calculated volume.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/2/718sand-cone methodin situ densitysandcompactionmoisture |
| spellingShingle | Sung-Sik Park Peter D. Ogunjinmi Hyun-Il Lee Seung-Wook Woo Dong-Eun Lee Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method Applied Sciences sand-cone method in situ density sand compaction moisture |
| title | Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method |
| title_full | Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method |
| title_short | Effect of Wetting Conditions on the In Situ Density of Soil Using the Sand-Cone Method |
| title_sort | effect of wetting conditions on the in situ density of soil using the sand cone method |
| topic | sand-cone method in situ density sand compaction moisture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/2/718 |
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