Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study
The study aimed to determine the associated factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This was a case-control study with a one-to-one ratio matched by sex as well as by three age categories (6‒11 months, 12‒35 months, dan 36‒59 months) between underweight an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Bogor Agricultural University
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jurnal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jgizipangan/article/view/45309 |
| _version_ | 1797672574118789120 |
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| author | Ruhaya Salleh Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad Cheong Siew Man Norazizah Ibrahim Wong Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin Lalitha Palaniveloo Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim Azli Baharudin Hazizi Abu Saad Mohd Azahadi Omar Noor Ani Ahmad |
| author_facet | Ruhaya Salleh Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad Cheong Siew Man Norazizah Ibrahim Wong Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin Lalitha Palaniveloo Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim Azli Baharudin Hazizi Abu Saad Mohd Azahadi Omar Noor Ani Ahmad |
| author_sort | Ruhaya Salleh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study aimed to determine the associated factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This was a case-control study with a one-to-one ratio matched by sex as well as by three age categories (6‒11 months, 12‒35 months, dan 36‒59 months) between underweight and normal-weight children. There were 364 underweight children and 364 children with normal weight recruited from four government clinics and 118 preschools in Putrajaya. Both groups were assessed via face-to-face interviews; anthropometric measurements; haemoglobin level through finger prick blood sample; and a self-administered 3-day food diary. Underweight is defined as a weight-for-age z score less than -2SD based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 Growth Chart. The logistic regression’s final model revealed that various factors were significantly associated with underweight among children under five in Putrajaya. These factors included father being employed as a non-government servant [aOR:1.45 (95% CI:1.04‒2.02) compared to government servant], children from B40 group with a monthly household income less than <RM 7,380 (USD 1727.33) [aOR:2.17 (95% CI:1.01‒4.66) compared to T20], monthly expenditure for childcare less than RM 1,000 (USD 234.06), [aOR:1.77 (95% CI:1.01‒3.10) compared to ≥RM 2,000], underweight mother during prepregnancy [aOR:1.89 (95% CI:1.10‒3.26)] compared to normal weight, anemic children [aOR:1.57 (95% CI:1.15‒2.16)] compared to normal children, children using pacifiers [aOR:1.75 (95% CI:1.21‒2.73)] compared to not using pacifiers and children staying with unregistered babysitters [aOR:2.33 (85% CI:1.52‒3.59)] compared to those attending kindergarten. The above findings suggest several factors are significantly associated with underweight among children under five years old. Therefore, it highlights on the importance of improving household socioeconomic status, maternal nutritional status, and infant and young child feeding practices to prevent underweight issues in this population.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:32:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af0aba3d584d44e9a5cb4a51aa11674d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1978-1059 2407-0920 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:32:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Bogor Agricultural University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan |
| spelling | doaj.art-af0aba3d584d44e9a5cb4a51aa11674d2023-09-27T08:28:46ZengBogor Agricultural UniversityJurnal Gizi dan Pangan1978-10592407-09202023-07-0118210.25182/jgp.2023.18.2.89-98Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control StudyRuhaya Salleh0Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad1 Cheong Siew Man2Norazizah Ibrahim Wong3Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin4Lalitha Palaniveloo5Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim6Azli Baharudin7Hazizi Abu Saad8Mohd Azahadi Omar9Noor Ani Ahmad10Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaPahang State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 25582 Kuantan, Pahang, MalaysiaPahang State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 25582 Kuantan, Pahang, MalaysiaDepartment of Statistics, Malaysia, Malaysian Bureau of Labour Statistics, 62514 Putrajaya, MalaysiaInstitute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Wellness, Faculty Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, University Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Kota, Pengkalan Chepa 16100 Kota Bharu Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaSector of Biostatistics and Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, MalaysiaThe study aimed to determine the associated factors for underweight among children under five years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. This was a case-control study with a one-to-one ratio matched by sex as well as by three age categories (6‒11 months, 12‒35 months, dan 36‒59 months) between underweight and normal-weight children. There were 364 underweight children and 364 children with normal weight recruited from four government clinics and 118 preschools in Putrajaya. Both groups were assessed via face-to-face interviews; anthropometric measurements; haemoglobin level through finger prick blood sample; and a self-administered 3-day food diary. Underweight is defined as a weight-for-age z score less than -2SD based on World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 Growth Chart. The logistic regression’s final model revealed that various factors were significantly associated with underweight among children under five in Putrajaya. These factors included father being employed as a non-government servant [aOR:1.45 (95% CI:1.04‒2.02) compared to government servant], children from B40 group with a monthly household income less than <RM 7,380 (USD 1727.33) [aOR:2.17 (95% CI:1.01‒4.66) compared to T20], monthly expenditure for childcare less than RM 1,000 (USD 234.06), [aOR:1.77 (95% CI:1.01‒3.10) compared to ≥RM 2,000], underweight mother during prepregnancy [aOR:1.89 (95% CI:1.10‒3.26)] compared to normal weight, anemic children [aOR:1.57 (95% CI:1.15‒2.16)] compared to normal children, children using pacifiers [aOR:1.75 (95% CI:1.21‒2.73)] compared to not using pacifiers and children staying with unregistered babysitters [aOR:2.33 (85% CI:1.52‒3.59)] compared to those attending kindergarten. The above findings suggest several factors are significantly associated with underweight among children under five years old. Therefore, it highlights on the importance of improving household socioeconomic status, maternal nutritional status, and infant and young child feeding practices to prevent underweight issues in this population. https://jurnal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jgizipangan/article/view/45309below five yearschildrenundernutritionunderweighturban |
| spellingShingle | Ruhaya Salleh Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad Cheong Siew Man Norazizah Ibrahim Wong Syafinaz Mohd Sallehuddin Lalitha Palaniveloo Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim Azli Baharudin Hazizi Abu Saad Mohd Azahadi Omar Noor Ani Ahmad Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan below five years children undernutrition underweight urban |
| title | Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study |
| title_full | Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study |
| title_short | Risk Factors Associated with Underweight Children Under the Age of Five in Putrajaya, Malaysia: A Case-Control Study |
| title_sort | risk factors associated with underweight children under the age of five in putrajaya malaysia a case control study |
| topic | below five years children undernutrition underweight urban |
| url | https://jurnal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jgizipangan/article/view/45309 |
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