Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan
AbstractCreative city theory is a new approach whose milestone is the emphasis on creativity and culture in the economy and social capital. Historical contexts, in addition to having the aesthetic and identifying values of cities, are still the livelihood of millions of citizens and are therefore a...
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University of Isfahan
2022-06-01
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| Series: | جغرافیا و برنامهریزی محیطی |
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| Online Access: | https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_26560_148620aacf4cc8de9347ae2b25810071.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797850252109152256 |
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| author | Razieh Mollamirzaei Hassan Sajadzadeh |
| author_facet | Razieh Mollamirzaei Hassan Sajadzadeh |
| author_sort | Razieh Mollamirzaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AbstractCreative city theory is a new approach whose milestone is the emphasis on creativity and culture in the economy and social capital. Historical contexts, in addition to having the aesthetic and identifying values of cities, are still the livelihood of millions of citizens and are therefore a good place to apply the creative city approach. The present study was conducted to explain the model of the creative city approach in the historical context of the Hamadan city, which has been done by the survey technique and the analytical-interpretive method. Initially, the evaluation indicators of the creative city, which were extracted from reliable sources, were classified into five structures: ‘socio-cultural’, ‘economic’, ‘managerial’, ‘functional-spatial’, and ‘environmental’. Then, the opinions of people and experts were collected through a questionnaire. Next, the data of the questionnaire were entered into SPSS software and with the help of the exploratory factor analysis technique which was applied separately in each of the above structures, the explanatory factors were identified. Then, using the linear multivariate regression analysis technique, the relationship between the extracted factors and the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan was assessed. Finally, the indicators of ‘women’s participation in social activities’, ‘the importance of knowledge-based service centers’, ‘historical events of the city’, ‘people's participation in social activities’, ‘the need to use new and knowledge-based technologies’, and ‘supporting urban entrepreneurs’ were identified. The elements have had the greatest impact on the realization of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamedan. IntroductionHistorical contexts have valuable and unique features that distinguish them from other urban contexts. At the same time, this context is forced to accept changes to meet the needs of its residents, the speed of which must be commensurate with the needs of the citizens in that community. An environment that can not adapt to the needs of citizens has gradually entered a process that will lead to burnout. This confirms the need for planning and protection in historical contexts. During the industrialization of societies, the fascination with the endless use of new technology exposed many of the world’s historical contexts to serious threats and damage, some of them even perished during the effects of urban development. The exposure of today's cities to the unpredictable economic system has caused cities to rely more and more on their internal resources such as history, spaces, and creative force. The pressures of globalization and, consequently, the problems caused by the change in economic structure and the need to create a new identity have led cities to use their cultural assets to differentiate their identities and recreate the urban context (Richards & Palmer, 2010). The appropriate approach to the old and historical urban context requires a careful and comprehensive approach to the ancient context and its characteristics. Today, one of the techniques to achieve these goals is to emphasize the activities that are formed by combining different dimensions of economics and culture in a way of human logical order called creativity. Undoubtedly, historical contexts with rich cultural heritage resources are a good place to apply a creative approach. In recent decades, one of the new scientific and professional fields in the historical part of cities is the creative city approach. MethodologyThe present study has been done using the analytical-interpretive method based on documentary studies and field observations. In the present study, a combined method has been used, so the survey method was used as a quantitative method, and the focus group discussion method was used as a qualitative method. The conceptual framework was documented in a diagram. In the next step, extractive indices were collected in the study sample. Using factor analysis, the importance of the main factors affecting the creativity of the historical context of Hamadan was determined. Then, based on the extraction indices, a questionnaire was designed based on the Likert scale. The number of questionnaires in order to be valid for SPSS software analysis based on the Cochran sampling test was 200. The questionnaire was distributed electronically and people who have lived in the city of Hamedan and experts and professors in the field of urban planning, as well as city managers, have participated at this stage. By completing the questionnaires and entering them into SPSS software, the main factors of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan city were extracted using the exploratory factor analysis method. To extract the priorities of the creative city, linear multivariate regression was performed between the extracted factors, and the coefficients of each factor and their importance were determined. Finally, the ‘creative city model in the historical context of Hamadan’ was obtained by obtaining the most important factors in this area. DiscussionFactor analysis was performed using SPSS software after entering the questionnaire data in each of the 5 structures of the creative city, which were economic, environmental, institutional-governance, functional-spatial, and socio-cultural structures. According to the obtained model, the numerical value of all variables in the subscription table was more than 0.5, which indicated the appropriateness of the explanatory power of the model and the value of KMO statistics. The next output of the factor analysis was the KMO test. The KMO value is always between 0 and 1. If the value is less than 0.5, the data will not be suitable for factor analysis, and if the value is between 0.5 and 0.69, factor analysis should be done more carefully. But if this value is more than 0.7, the correlation between the data will be suitable for data analysis. On the other hand, the Bartlett test should be used to ensure that the data are suitable for factor analysis. Bartlett's test tests the hypothesis that the observed correlation matrix belongs to a society with unrelated variables. For this reason, before factor analysis, a correlation matrix between variables must be formed. If the correlation matrix is unit, it is unsuitable for factor analysis. The Bartlett test is significant when its probability is less than 0.05. After controlling and appropriateness of statistical tests that test and measure the raw data for use in factor analysis, the preliminary matrix is calculated in which the explained variance is determined by each factor. It should be noted that the specific values for all factors must be greater than 1. Then, after determining the variance of each of the factors explaining the main structures of the creative city, the factor matrix was rotated so that each of the relevant variables would have the most relationship with the factors and facilitates the conditions for naming and identifying the factors. After creating the rotated matrix of factors and using the position of variables in the structures of the creative city, the factors must be interpreted and named. After determining the main factors of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan, it was necessary to understand the relationship between these factors and the realization of the creative city in the historical context. For this purpose, the linear relationship between the extracted factors and the creative city approach was investigated by the multiple linear regression method to determine the beta coefficient for the factors. Then, by multiplying the three values of ‘ load factor coefficient’, ‘factor-beta coefficient’, and ‘variable dissatisfaction rate’, the variables can be ranked as priorities for the realization of a creative city in the historical context of Hamadan. ConclusionBased on the exploratory factor analysis technique, indicators in 13 factors explaining the creative city approach including ‘historical-cultural heritage’, ‘social participation’, ‘creative class’, ‘social capital’, ‘socio-cultural diversity’, ‘creative governance’, ‘innovation’, ‘creative industries’, ‘environmental sustainability’, ‘green infrastructure’, ‘creative public space’, ‘functional diversity of space’, and ‘spatial identity structure’ were categorized. After that, the relationship between the extracted factors and the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamedan was measured by linear multivariate regression analysis technique, which revealed 4 factors, respectively, with the greatest impact: ‘historical-cultural heritage’, ‘creative class’, ‘innovation’, and ‘socio-cultural diversity’. Finally, by multiplying the three numerical values of ‘load factor coefficient’, ‘factor-beta coefficient’, and ‘average dissatisfaction’, the variables of the creative city approach were prioritized in the historical context of Hamedan, which showed the indicators of ‘women's participation in social activities in the historical context of the city’, ‘the importance of knowledge-based service centers’, ‘ historical events of the city’, ‘people's participation in social activities’, ‘the need to use new and knowledge-based technologies’, and ‘support for urban entrepreneurs’ were the most important indicators in achieving a creative city approach in the historical context of Hamedan.Citizens’ participation in urban affairs is a necessity today, which can lead to sustainable urban development. Creative urban management takes steps to solve urban problems by combining the ideas of modern urban managers with local values. Creative management strengthens the city and the socio-economic and cultural growth of citizens that people as human capital should be involved in the proper management of urban management. Achieving a creative city requires policies and programs that are coordinated and coherent, evolve, and require extensive collaboration between the public sector, at various levels of government, local and national, private sector actors, and all social institutions. For urban management to be creative, it must have a creative understanding of urban growth, urban life, and the need to engage in creative urban management while promoting its creative knowledge in the field of urban management. In such situations, it can creatively analyze urban issues and thus have a creative and innovative approach to finding ideas, and communicating with its citizens. Achieving these goals requires creating a culture and creating a suitable platform for citizenship education, the infrastructure of which is provided in the city and urban areas. In this regard, the presence of women with care and delicacy of their special look can accelerate this process. Keywords: Creative City, Historical Context, Model Explanation, Exploratory Factor Analysis, the Historical Context of Hamedan. References:- Anonymous (2010). Creative economy report 2010. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.- Bianchini, F., & Parkinson, M. (Eds.). (1993). Cultural policy and urban regeneration: The West European experience. Manchester: Manchester University Press.- Cohendet, P., Simon, L., Sole Parellada, F., & Valls Pasola, J. (2009). The creative city: a toolkit for urban innovators. Second Edition. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd.- Correia, C., & Oliveira, M. (2012). Creative indexes: Economic space matters?. MA Thesis in Economics. School of Economics and Business. University of Porto- Donegan, M., & Lowe, N. (2008). Inequality in the creative city: Is there still a place for ‘old-fashioned’ institutions?. Journal of Economic Development Quarterly, 22(1), 46–62.- d’Ovidio, M., & Cossu, A. (2017). Culture is reclaiming the creative city: The case of Macao in Milan, Italy. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 8, 7–12.- Ernawati, J. (2010). People ‘s impressions of a tourist-historic district. Indonesia: Brawijaya University Press.- European Commission. (2017). The cultural and creative cities monitor. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.- Evans, G. (2009). Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1003-1040.- Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class: And how it's transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. New York: Basic Books.- Florida, R. (2008). The rise of the creative class revisited. New York: Basic Books.- Florida, R. (2014). The creative class and economic development. Journal of Economic Development Quarterly, 28(3), 196-205.- Goldberg-Miller, S. B. (2019). Creative city strategies on the municipal agenda in New York. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 17, 26–37.- Hall, P. (2000). Creative cities and economic development. Journal of Urban Studies, 37(4), 639-649.- Kakiuchi, E. (2016). Culturally creative cities in Japan: Reality and prospects. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 7(2), 101-108.- Khoo, S. L. (2020). Towards an inclusive creative city: How ready is the historic city of George Town, Penang?. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 23, 100367.- Kotze, N., & De Vries, L. (2019). Resuscitating the African giant: Urban regeneration and inner-city redevelopment initiatives along the ‘Corridors of Freedom’ in downtown Johannesburg. Geographia Polonica, 92(1), 57–70.- Kuriakose, P. N., & Philip, S. (2021). City profile: Kochi, city-region - Planning measures to make Kochi smart and creative. Cities, 118, 103307.- Landry, C. (2010). Creativity, culture and the city: A question of inter connection. European Capital of Culture.- Montgomery, J. (2005). Beware ‘the creative class’. Creativity and wealth creation revisited. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit, 20(4), 337–343.- Richards, G., & Palmer, R. (2010). Eventful cities: Cultural management and urban revitalisation. Routledge.- Rodrigues, M., & Franco, M. (2020). Networks and performance of creative cities: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 20, 100326.- Sasaki, M. (2008). Developing creative cities through networking. Journal of Policy Science, 15(3), 77-88.- Sasaki, M. (2010). Urban regeneration through cultural creativity and social inclusion: Rethinking creative city theory through a Japanese case study. Cities, 27, 3-9.- Scott, A. J. (2014). Beyond the creative city: Cognitive–cultural capitalism and the new urbanism. Journal of Regional Studies, 48(4), 565-578.- Vanolo, A. (2008). The image of the creative city: Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. Cities, 25(6), 370–382.- Vickery, J. (2011). Beyond the creative city-cultural policy in an age of scarcity. Made: A Centre for Place-Making, 1, 1-20.- Zimmerman, J. (2008). From brew, town to cool town: Neoliberalism and the creative city development strategy in Milwaukee. Cities, 25(4), 230–242. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:58:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af128a87c99b4ff9ae07f5be701a79bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-5362 2252-0910 |
| language | fas |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:58:27Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | University of Isfahan |
| record_format | Article |
| series | جغرافیا و برنامهریزی محیطی |
| spelling | doaj.art-af128a87c99b4ff9ae07f5be701a79bc2023-04-09T06:03:55ZfasUniversity of Isfahanجغرافیا و برنامهریزی محیطی2008-53622252-09102022-06-0133213714610.22108/gep.2022.132572.149026560Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of HamedanRazieh Mollamirzaei0Hassan Sajadzadeh1PhD Candidate, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Urban Design, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranAbstractCreative city theory is a new approach whose milestone is the emphasis on creativity and culture in the economy and social capital. Historical contexts, in addition to having the aesthetic and identifying values of cities, are still the livelihood of millions of citizens and are therefore a good place to apply the creative city approach. The present study was conducted to explain the model of the creative city approach in the historical context of the Hamadan city, which has been done by the survey technique and the analytical-interpretive method. Initially, the evaluation indicators of the creative city, which were extracted from reliable sources, were classified into five structures: ‘socio-cultural’, ‘economic’, ‘managerial’, ‘functional-spatial’, and ‘environmental’. Then, the opinions of people and experts were collected through a questionnaire. Next, the data of the questionnaire were entered into SPSS software and with the help of the exploratory factor analysis technique which was applied separately in each of the above structures, the explanatory factors were identified. Then, using the linear multivariate regression analysis technique, the relationship between the extracted factors and the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan was assessed. Finally, the indicators of ‘women’s participation in social activities’, ‘the importance of knowledge-based service centers’, ‘historical events of the city’, ‘people's participation in social activities’, ‘the need to use new and knowledge-based technologies’, and ‘supporting urban entrepreneurs’ were identified. The elements have had the greatest impact on the realization of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamedan. IntroductionHistorical contexts have valuable and unique features that distinguish them from other urban contexts. At the same time, this context is forced to accept changes to meet the needs of its residents, the speed of which must be commensurate with the needs of the citizens in that community. An environment that can not adapt to the needs of citizens has gradually entered a process that will lead to burnout. This confirms the need for planning and protection in historical contexts. During the industrialization of societies, the fascination with the endless use of new technology exposed many of the world’s historical contexts to serious threats and damage, some of them even perished during the effects of urban development. The exposure of today's cities to the unpredictable economic system has caused cities to rely more and more on their internal resources such as history, spaces, and creative force. The pressures of globalization and, consequently, the problems caused by the change in economic structure and the need to create a new identity have led cities to use their cultural assets to differentiate their identities and recreate the urban context (Richards & Palmer, 2010). The appropriate approach to the old and historical urban context requires a careful and comprehensive approach to the ancient context and its characteristics. Today, one of the techniques to achieve these goals is to emphasize the activities that are formed by combining different dimensions of economics and culture in a way of human logical order called creativity. Undoubtedly, historical contexts with rich cultural heritage resources are a good place to apply a creative approach. In recent decades, one of the new scientific and professional fields in the historical part of cities is the creative city approach. MethodologyThe present study has been done using the analytical-interpretive method based on documentary studies and field observations. In the present study, a combined method has been used, so the survey method was used as a quantitative method, and the focus group discussion method was used as a qualitative method. The conceptual framework was documented in a diagram. In the next step, extractive indices were collected in the study sample. Using factor analysis, the importance of the main factors affecting the creativity of the historical context of Hamadan was determined. Then, based on the extraction indices, a questionnaire was designed based on the Likert scale. The number of questionnaires in order to be valid for SPSS software analysis based on the Cochran sampling test was 200. The questionnaire was distributed electronically and people who have lived in the city of Hamedan and experts and professors in the field of urban planning, as well as city managers, have participated at this stage. By completing the questionnaires and entering them into SPSS software, the main factors of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan city were extracted using the exploratory factor analysis method. To extract the priorities of the creative city, linear multivariate regression was performed between the extracted factors, and the coefficients of each factor and their importance were determined. Finally, the ‘creative city model in the historical context of Hamadan’ was obtained by obtaining the most important factors in this area. DiscussionFactor analysis was performed using SPSS software after entering the questionnaire data in each of the 5 structures of the creative city, which were economic, environmental, institutional-governance, functional-spatial, and socio-cultural structures. According to the obtained model, the numerical value of all variables in the subscription table was more than 0.5, which indicated the appropriateness of the explanatory power of the model and the value of KMO statistics. The next output of the factor analysis was the KMO test. The KMO value is always between 0 and 1. If the value is less than 0.5, the data will not be suitable for factor analysis, and if the value is between 0.5 and 0.69, factor analysis should be done more carefully. But if this value is more than 0.7, the correlation between the data will be suitable for data analysis. On the other hand, the Bartlett test should be used to ensure that the data are suitable for factor analysis. Bartlett's test tests the hypothesis that the observed correlation matrix belongs to a society with unrelated variables. For this reason, before factor analysis, a correlation matrix between variables must be formed. If the correlation matrix is unit, it is unsuitable for factor analysis. The Bartlett test is significant when its probability is less than 0.05. After controlling and appropriateness of statistical tests that test and measure the raw data for use in factor analysis, the preliminary matrix is calculated in which the explained variance is determined by each factor. It should be noted that the specific values for all factors must be greater than 1. Then, after determining the variance of each of the factors explaining the main structures of the creative city, the factor matrix was rotated so that each of the relevant variables would have the most relationship with the factors and facilitates the conditions for naming and identifying the factors. After creating the rotated matrix of factors and using the position of variables in the structures of the creative city, the factors must be interpreted and named. After determining the main factors of the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamadan, it was necessary to understand the relationship between these factors and the realization of the creative city in the historical context. For this purpose, the linear relationship between the extracted factors and the creative city approach was investigated by the multiple linear regression method to determine the beta coefficient for the factors. Then, by multiplying the three values of ‘ load factor coefficient’, ‘factor-beta coefficient’, and ‘variable dissatisfaction rate’, the variables can be ranked as priorities for the realization of a creative city in the historical context of Hamadan. ConclusionBased on the exploratory factor analysis technique, indicators in 13 factors explaining the creative city approach including ‘historical-cultural heritage’, ‘social participation’, ‘creative class’, ‘social capital’, ‘socio-cultural diversity’, ‘creative governance’, ‘innovation’, ‘creative industries’, ‘environmental sustainability’, ‘green infrastructure’, ‘creative public space’, ‘functional diversity of space’, and ‘spatial identity structure’ were categorized. After that, the relationship between the extracted factors and the creative city approach in the historical context of Hamedan was measured by linear multivariate regression analysis technique, which revealed 4 factors, respectively, with the greatest impact: ‘historical-cultural heritage’, ‘creative class’, ‘innovation’, and ‘socio-cultural diversity’. Finally, by multiplying the three numerical values of ‘load factor coefficient’, ‘factor-beta coefficient’, and ‘average dissatisfaction’, the variables of the creative city approach were prioritized in the historical context of Hamedan, which showed the indicators of ‘women's participation in social activities in the historical context of the city’, ‘the importance of knowledge-based service centers’, ‘ historical events of the city’, ‘people's participation in social activities’, ‘the need to use new and knowledge-based technologies’, and ‘support for urban entrepreneurs’ were the most important indicators in achieving a creative city approach in the historical context of Hamedan.Citizens’ participation in urban affairs is a necessity today, which can lead to sustainable urban development. Creative urban management takes steps to solve urban problems by combining the ideas of modern urban managers with local values. Creative management strengthens the city and the socio-economic and cultural growth of citizens that people as human capital should be involved in the proper management of urban management. Achieving a creative city requires policies and programs that are coordinated and coherent, evolve, and require extensive collaboration between the public sector, at various levels of government, local and national, private sector actors, and all social institutions. For urban management to be creative, it must have a creative understanding of urban growth, urban life, and the need to engage in creative urban management while promoting its creative knowledge in the field of urban management. In such situations, it can creatively analyze urban issues and thus have a creative and innovative approach to finding ideas, and communicating with its citizens. Achieving these goals requires creating a culture and creating a suitable platform for citizenship education, the infrastructure of which is provided in the city and urban areas. In this regard, the presence of women with care and delicacy of their special look can accelerate this process. Keywords: Creative City, Historical Context, Model Explanation, Exploratory Factor Analysis, the Historical Context of Hamedan. References:- Anonymous (2010). Creative economy report 2010. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.- Bianchini, F., & Parkinson, M. (Eds.). (1993). Cultural policy and urban regeneration: The West European experience. Manchester: Manchester University Press.- Cohendet, P., Simon, L., Sole Parellada, F., & Valls Pasola, J. (2009). The creative city: a toolkit for urban innovators. Second Edition. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd.- Correia, C., & Oliveira, M. (2012). Creative indexes: Economic space matters?. MA Thesis in Economics. School of Economics and Business. University of Porto- Donegan, M., & Lowe, N. (2008). Inequality in the creative city: Is there still a place for ‘old-fashioned’ institutions?. Journal of Economic Development Quarterly, 22(1), 46–62.- d’Ovidio, M., & Cossu, A. (2017). Culture is reclaiming the creative city: The case of Macao in Milan, Italy. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 8, 7–12.- Ernawati, J. (2010). People ‘s impressions of a tourist-historic district. Indonesia: Brawijaya University Press.- European Commission. (2017). The cultural and creative cities monitor. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.- Evans, G. (2009). Creative cities, creative spaces and urban policy. Urban Studies, 46(5-6), 1003-1040.- Florida, R. (2002). The rise of the creative class: And how it's transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life. New York: Basic Books.- Florida, R. (2008). The rise of the creative class revisited. New York: Basic Books.- Florida, R. (2014). The creative class and economic development. Journal of Economic Development Quarterly, 28(3), 196-205.- Goldberg-Miller, S. B. (2019). Creative city strategies on the municipal agenda in New York. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 17, 26–37.- Hall, P. (2000). Creative cities and economic development. Journal of Urban Studies, 37(4), 639-649.- Kakiuchi, E. (2016). Culturally creative cities in Japan: Reality and prospects. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 7(2), 101-108.- Khoo, S. L. (2020). Towards an inclusive creative city: How ready is the historic city of George Town, Penang?. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 23, 100367.- Kotze, N., & De Vries, L. (2019). Resuscitating the African giant: Urban regeneration and inner-city redevelopment initiatives along the ‘Corridors of Freedom’ in downtown Johannesburg. Geographia Polonica, 92(1), 57–70.- Kuriakose, P. N., & Philip, S. (2021). City profile: Kochi, city-region - Planning measures to make Kochi smart and creative. Cities, 118, 103307.- Landry, C. (2010). Creativity, culture and the city: A question of inter connection. European Capital of Culture.- Montgomery, J. (2005). Beware ‘the creative class’. Creativity and wealth creation revisited. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit, 20(4), 337–343.- Richards, G., & Palmer, R. (2010). Eventful cities: Cultural management and urban revitalisation. Routledge.- Rodrigues, M., & Franco, M. (2020). Networks and performance of creative cities: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of City, Culture and Society, 20, 100326.- Sasaki, M. (2008). Developing creative cities through networking. Journal of Policy Science, 15(3), 77-88.- Sasaki, M. (2010). Urban regeneration through cultural creativity and social inclusion: Rethinking creative city theory through a Japanese case study. Cities, 27, 3-9.- Scott, A. J. (2014). Beyond the creative city: Cognitive–cultural capitalism and the new urbanism. Journal of Regional Studies, 48(4), 565-578.- Vanolo, A. (2008). The image of the creative city: Some reflections on urban branding in Turin. Cities, 25(6), 370–382.- Vickery, J. (2011). Beyond the creative city-cultural policy in an age of scarcity. Made: A Centre for Place-Making, 1, 1-20.- Zimmerman, J. (2008). From brew, town to cool town: Neoliberalism and the creative city development strategy in Milwaukee. Cities, 25(4), 230–242.https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_26560_148620aacf4cc8de9347ae2b25810071.pdfcreative cityhistorical contextmodel explanationexploratory factor analysisthe historical context of hamedan |
| spellingShingle | Razieh Mollamirzaei Hassan Sajadzadeh Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan جغرافیا و برنامهریزی محیطی creative city historical context model explanation exploratory factor analysis the historical context of hamedan |
| title | Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan |
| title_full | Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan |
| title_fullStr | Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan |
| title_short | Explaining the Model of the Creative City Approach in the Historical Context of Hamedan |
| title_sort | explaining the model of the creative city approach in the historical context of hamedan |
| topic | creative city historical context model explanation exploratory factor analysis the historical context of hamedan |
| url | https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_26560_148620aacf4cc8de9347ae2b25810071.pdf |
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