Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i>
In the current study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of <i>Alnus nitida</i> (leaves and fruits) was evaluated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Traditionally, <i>A. nitida</i> was used for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. However, <i>A. nitida</i> l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4582 |
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| author | Moniba Sajid Muhammad Rashid Khan Muhammad Umar Ijaz Hammad Ismail Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti Sayed Afzal Shah Saima Ali Muhammad Usman Tareen Saqer S. Alotaibi Sarah M. Albogami Gaber El-Saber Batiha |
| author_facet | Moniba Sajid Muhammad Rashid Khan Muhammad Umar Ijaz Hammad Ismail Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti Sayed Afzal Shah Saima Ali Muhammad Usman Tareen Saqer S. Alotaibi Sarah M. Albogami Gaber El-Saber Batiha |
| author_sort | Moniba Sajid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the current study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of <i>Alnus nitida</i> (leaves and fruits) was evaluated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Traditionally, <i>A. nitida</i> was used for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. However, <i>A. nitida</i> leaves and fruits have not been yet reported regarding any potential medicinal effects. Leaves/fruits of <i>A. nitida</i> were extracted with methanol and fractionated to attain n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. These extracts were then evaluated for in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. For in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, Freunds’ complete adjuvant-induced edema, xylene-induced ear edema and histamine-induced paw edema models were used in rats, which showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) reduction (70–80%) in edema in comparison of inflammatory controls. On other hand, for the analgesic assessment, hot plate assay and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used, which showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) rise in latency time (40–60%) as compared with pain-induced controls. These results were comparable with standard drugs in a concentration-dependent manner and no mortality or toxicity was observed during all experiments. Then, for the identification of chemical constituents gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed, which indicated the presence of neophytadiene, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, phytol and vitamin E, justifying the use of <i>A. nitida</i> to treat inflammatory disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:07:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af1855e441f94024b854e1a2b90d84b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:07:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-af1855e441f94024b854e1a2b90d84b72023-12-03T12:02:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-07-012714458210.3390/molecules27144582Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i>Moniba Sajid0Muhammad Rashid Khan1Muhammad Umar Ijaz2Hammad Ismail3Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti4Sayed Afzal Shah5Saima Ali6Muhammad Usman Tareen7Saqer S. Alotaibi8Sarah M. Albogami9Gaber El-Saber Batiha10Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, PakistanDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanDepartment of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Science, Rawalpindi 46000, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, PakistanDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, EgyptIn the current study, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of <i>Alnus nitida</i> (leaves and fruits) was evaluated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Traditionally, <i>A. nitida</i> was used for the treatment of inflammatory ailments. However, <i>A. nitida</i> leaves and fruits have not been yet reported regarding any potential medicinal effects. Leaves/fruits of <i>A. nitida</i> were extracted with methanol and fractionated to attain n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. These extracts were then evaluated for in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. For in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema assay, Freunds’ complete adjuvant-induced edema, xylene-induced ear edema and histamine-induced paw edema models were used in rats, which showed significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) reduction (70–80%) in edema in comparison of inflammatory controls. On other hand, for the analgesic assessment, hot plate assay and acetic acid-induced writhing tests were used, which showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) rise in latency time (40–60%) as compared with pain-induced controls. These results were comparable with standard drugs in a concentration-dependent manner and no mortality or toxicity was observed during all experiments. Then, for the identification of chemical constituents gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed, which indicated the presence of neophytadiene, 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, phytol and vitamin E, justifying the use of <i>A. nitida</i> to treat inflammatory disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4582analgesicanti-inflammatory<i>Alnus nitida</i>GC-MSpharmacological activities |
| spellingShingle | Moniba Sajid Muhammad Rashid Khan Muhammad Umar Ijaz Hammad Ismail Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti Sayed Afzal Shah Saima Ali Muhammad Usman Tareen Saqer S. Alotaibi Sarah M. Albogami Gaber El-Saber Batiha Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i> Molecules analgesic anti-inflammatory <i>Alnus nitida</i> GC-MS pharmacological activities |
| title | Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i> |
| title_full | Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i> |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i> |
| title_short | Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of <i>Alnus nitida</i> |
| title_sort | evaluation of phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of i alnus nitida i |
| topic | analgesic anti-inflammatory <i>Alnus nitida</i> GC-MS pharmacological activities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/14/4582 |
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