Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles
Introduction: Instrumental gait analysis is an emerging technology used increasingly to evaluate motor disorders in children. Normal reference data is necessary in order to evaluate patients, but there are few reference resources for the Spanish paediatric population. Objective: We aim to describe t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier España
2013-04-01
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| Series: | Neurología (English Edition) |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580813000369 |
| _version_ | 1818584028949774336 |
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| author | I. Pulido-Valdeolivas D. Gómez-Andrés J.A. Martín-Gonzalo J. López-López E. Gómez-Barrena J.J. Sánchez Hernández E. Rausell |
| author_facet | I. Pulido-Valdeolivas D. Gómez-Andrés J.A. Martín-Gonzalo J. López-López E. Gómez-Barrena J.J. Sánchez Hernández E. Rausell |
| author_sort | I. Pulido-Valdeolivas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Instrumental gait analysis is an emerging technology used increasingly to evaluate motor disorders in children. Normal reference data is necessary in order to evaluate patients, but there are few reference resources for the Spanish paediatric population. Objective: We aim to describe the values of 16 clinically relevant gait variables in healthy Spanish schoolchildren, and identify any linear associations or left–right asymmetries. Subjects and methods: The values of 16 gait variables were determined in schoolchildren (n = 27, aged 5–13 years) using instrumental gait analysis. We analysed asymmetries for each variable (Student's t-test for dependent samples) and calculated their confidence intervals (95% of the standardised difference in right and left means [SMD]). Values and associations between variables were represented using a heat map. Results: Our project presents normal values tables for 16 variables in the gait cycle. Significant asymmetries were detected in the mean values for minimum hip flexion (SMD: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.39) and peak hip abduction in swing (SMD: −1.05; 95%: CI −1.71 to −0.27). Functional associations among gait variables are present. Conclusions: We present a reference dataset for Spanish school-aged children in which left–right asymmetries and functional associations may be observed for different variables. Resumen: Introducción: El análisis instrumental de marcha (AIM) es una tecnología de uso creciente en la evaluación de trastornos motores infantiles. La evaluación de pacientes requiere una base de referencia de normalidad, pero existen pocas referencias infantiles españolas. Objetivo: Descripción de 16 variables de marcha de relevancia clínica en una muestra de referencia de escolares sanos. Estudio de sus relaciones lineales y asimetrías izquierda-derecha. Sujetos y métodos: Se midieron con AIM 16 variables de marcha en escolares sanos (n = 27, 5–13 años). Se estudiaron las asimetrías en cada variable (t de Student, muestras dependientes) y sus intervalos de confianza (95% de la media de diferencia estandarizada derecha menos izquierda, dz). Se representaron los valores y las asociaciones entre variables mediante “heatmap”. Resultados: Se aportan tablas de normalidad para 16 variables del ciclo de marcha. Son significativamente asimétricos los valores medios de flexión mínima de cadera (dz: 0,25; IC del 95%: 0,11–0,39) y de máxima abducción de cadera en el balanceo (dz: −1,05; IC del 95%: −1,71, −0,27). Existen asociaciones funcionales entre las variables de marcha. Conclusiones: Presentamos una muestra de normalidad de escolares españoles donde se observan asimetrías entre los lados izquierdo y derecho y organización funcional entre sus variables. Keywords: Multivariate analysis, Gait, Children, Health, Movement, Palabras clave: Análisis multivariante, Marcha, Niño, Salud, Movimiento |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:14:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af1997e0560f42fab25be7a2031dc60d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2173-5808 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T08:14:40Z |
| publishDate | 2013-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier España |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurología (English Edition) |
| spelling | doaj.art-af1997e0560f42fab25be7a2031dc60d2022-12-21T22:38:16ZengElsevier EspañaNeurología (English Edition)2173-58082013-04-01283145152Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cyclesI. Pulido-Valdeolivas0D. Gómez-Andrés1J.A. Martín-Gonzalo2J. López-López3E. Gómez-Barrena4J.J. Sánchez Hernández5E. Rausell6TRADESMA, Instituto de investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainTRADESMA, Instituto de investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Hospital Infantil, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SpainTRADESMA, Instituto de investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Escuela Universitaria de Fisioterapia de la ONCE, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainSección de Rehabilitación, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainTRADESMA, Instituto de investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author.Introduction: Instrumental gait analysis is an emerging technology used increasingly to evaluate motor disorders in children. Normal reference data is necessary in order to evaluate patients, but there are few reference resources for the Spanish paediatric population. Objective: We aim to describe the values of 16 clinically relevant gait variables in healthy Spanish schoolchildren, and identify any linear associations or left–right asymmetries. Subjects and methods: The values of 16 gait variables were determined in schoolchildren (n = 27, aged 5–13 years) using instrumental gait analysis. We analysed asymmetries for each variable (Student's t-test for dependent samples) and calculated their confidence intervals (95% of the standardised difference in right and left means [SMD]). Values and associations between variables were represented using a heat map. Results: Our project presents normal values tables for 16 variables in the gait cycle. Significant asymmetries were detected in the mean values for minimum hip flexion (SMD: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.39) and peak hip abduction in swing (SMD: −1.05; 95%: CI −1.71 to −0.27). Functional associations among gait variables are present. Conclusions: We present a reference dataset for Spanish school-aged children in which left–right asymmetries and functional associations may be observed for different variables. Resumen: Introducción: El análisis instrumental de marcha (AIM) es una tecnología de uso creciente en la evaluación de trastornos motores infantiles. La evaluación de pacientes requiere una base de referencia de normalidad, pero existen pocas referencias infantiles españolas. Objetivo: Descripción de 16 variables de marcha de relevancia clínica en una muestra de referencia de escolares sanos. Estudio de sus relaciones lineales y asimetrías izquierda-derecha. Sujetos y métodos: Se midieron con AIM 16 variables de marcha en escolares sanos (n = 27, 5–13 años). Se estudiaron las asimetrías en cada variable (t de Student, muestras dependientes) y sus intervalos de confianza (95% de la media de diferencia estandarizada derecha menos izquierda, dz). Se representaron los valores y las asociaciones entre variables mediante “heatmap”. Resultados: Se aportan tablas de normalidad para 16 variables del ciclo de marcha. Son significativamente asimétricos los valores medios de flexión mínima de cadera (dz: 0,25; IC del 95%: 0,11–0,39) y de máxima abducción de cadera en el balanceo (dz: −1,05; IC del 95%: −1,71, −0,27). Existen asociaciones funcionales entre las variables de marcha. Conclusiones: Presentamos una muestra de normalidad de escolares españoles donde se observan asimetrías entre los lados izquierdo y derecho y organización funcional entre sus variables. Keywords: Multivariate analysis, Gait, Children, Health, Movement, Palabras clave: Análisis multivariante, Marcha, Niño, Salud, Movimientohttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580813000369 |
| spellingShingle | I. Pulido-Valdeolivas D. Gómez-Andrés J.A. Martín-Gonzalo J. López-López E. Gómez-Barrena J.J. Sánchez Hernández E. Rausell Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles Neurología (English Edition) |
| title | Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles |
| title_full | Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles |
| title_fullStr | Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles |
| title_short | Gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy Spanish schoolchildren: Multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles |
| title_sort | gait parameters in a reference sample of healthy spanish schoolchildren multivariate descriptive statistics and asymmetries observed in left and right cycles |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2173580813000369 |
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