Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator
<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> This study aimed to measure the neutron contamination of flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) 10-MV photon beams delivered by the Elekta Infinity<sup>TM</sup> accelerator. <strong><em>Material...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Medical Physics |
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| Online Access: | http://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_13423_85d1bb69744dae139e37e4ea4cf691d8.pdf |
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| author | Sitti Yani Indra Budiansah Fauzia Puspa Lestari Mohamad Rhani Rasito Tursinah Freddy Haryanto |
| author_facet | Sitti Yani Indra Budiansah Fauzia Puspa Lestari Mohamad Rhani Rasito Tursinah Freddy Haryanto |
| author_sort | Sitti Yani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> This study aimed to measure the neutron contamination of flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) 10-MV photon beams delivered by the Elekta Infinity<sup>TM</sup> accelerator.
<strong><em>Material and Methods:</em></strong> The photoneutron spectrum produced by the Linac head was evaluated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The geometry and composition of the head Linac material were modelled based on information obtained from the manufacturer. In this simulation, MC N-Particle Transport Code software (MCNP6) was utilized to model the Linac head and simulate the particle transport. Evaluation of neutron contamination was carried out for the Linac with FF and without it (i.e., FFF). In this regard, the FFF beam was built by removing the FF from the Linac components. The scoring plane, as the neutron spectra calculation area for FF and FFF beams, was placed 99 cm from the target.
<strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The neutron type produced by the head Linac Elekta Infinity<sup>TM</sup> 10-MV photon mode was mostly thermal and fast. Although there were differences in the neutron intensity of FF and FFF beams, the type of neutrons produced by these two modes had the same energy. Based on the photoneutron reaction energy threshold, it can be concluded that the neutrons produced from the head Linac were the result of photoneutron interactions of high-energy photons with molybdenum-96 and tungsten-184 isotopes.
<strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>The photoneutron quantity did not change for FF and FFF beams; however, a larger quantity of neutrons was produced in the FF beam. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:10:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af24d8b61a644b029cda23981f961fac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2345-3672 2345-3672 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:10:03Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Medical Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-af24d8b61a644b029cda23981f961fac2022-12-21T23:00:14ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Medical Physics2345-36722345-36722020-03-0117212613210.22038/ijmp.2019.37195.147113423Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM AcceleratorSitti Yani0Indra Budiansah1Fauzia Puspa Lestari2Mohamad Rhani3Rasito Tursinah4Freddy Haryanto5Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi BandungDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi BandungDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi BandungDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Concord International Hospital, Singapore/ SingaporeNational Nuclear Energy AgencyDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung<strong><em>Introduction:</em></strong> This study aimed to measure the neutron contamination of flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) 10-MV photon beams delivered by the Elekta Infinity<sup>TM</sup> accelerator. <strong><em>Material and Methods:</em></strong> The photoneutron spectrum produced by the Linac head was evaluated using a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. The geometry and composition of the head Linac material were modelled based on information obtained from the manufacturer. In this simulation, MC N-Particle Transport Code software (MCNP6) was utilized to model the Linac head and simulate the particle transport. Evaluation of neutron contamination was carried out for the Linac with FF and without it (i.e., FFF). In this regard, the FFF beam was built by removing the FF from the Linac components. The scoring plane, as the neutron spectra calculation area for FF and FFF beams, was placed 99 cm from the target. <strong><em>Results:</em></strong> The neutron type produced by the head Linac Elekta Infinity<sup>TM</sup> 10-MV photon mode was mostly thermal and fast. Although there were differences in the neutron intensity of FF and FFF beams, the type of neutrons produced by these two modes had the same energy. Based on the photoneutron reaction energy threshold, it can be concluded that the neutrons produced from the head Linac were the result of photoneutron interactions of high-energy photons with molybdenum-96 and tungsten-184 isotopes. <strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>The photoneutron quantity did not change for FF and FFF beams; however, a larger quantity of neutrons was produced in the FF beam.http://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_13423_85d1bb69744dae139e37e4ea4cf691d8.pdfneutronmonte carlo method photon beamlinear accelerator |
| spellingShingle | Sitti Yani Indra Budiansah Fauzia Puspa Lestari Mohamad Rhani Rasito Tursinah Freddy Haryanto Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator Iranian Journal of Medical Physics neutron monte carlo method photon beam linear accelerator |
| title | Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator |
| title_full | Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator |
| title_short | Investigation of Neutron Contamination of Flattening Filter and Flattening Filter-Free 10-MV Photon Beams in Elekta InfinityTM Accelerator |
| title_sort | investigation of neutron contamination of flattening filter and flattening filter free 10 mv photon beams in elekta infinitytm accelerator |
| topic | neutron monte carlo method photon beam linear accelerator |
| url | http://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_13423_85d1bb69744dae139e37e4ea4cf691d8.pdf |
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