Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise
The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activation and co-activation of selected muscles during the kettlebell single arm swing exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the muscle co-activation of a kettlebell single arm swing exercise. Nine volunte...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/4033 |
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| author | Ahmed Salem Amr Hassan Markus Tilp Abdel-Rahman Akl |
| author_facet | Ahmed Salem Amr Hassan Markus Tilp Abdel-Rahman Akl |
| author_sort | Ahmed Salem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activation and co-activation of selected muscles during the kettlebell single arm swing exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the muscle co-activation of a kettlebell single arm swing exercise. Nine volunteers participated in the present study (age: 22.6 ± 3.8 years; body mass: 80.4 ± 9.2 kg; height: 175.6 ± 7.5 cm). The electrical muscle activity of eight right agonist/antagonist muscles (AD/PD, ESL/RA, ESI/EO, and GM/RF) were recorded using a surface EMG system (Myon m320RX; Myon, Switzerland) and processed using the integrated EMG to calculate a co-activation index (CoI) for the ascending and descending phases. A significant effect of the ascending and descending phases on the muscles’ CoI was observed. Post hoc analyses showed that the co-activation was significantly higher in the descending phase compared to that in the ascending phase of AD/PD CoI (34.25 ± 18.03% and 24.75 ± 13.03%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ESL/RA CoI (34.97 ± 17.86% and 24.19 ± 10.32%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ESI/EO CoI (41.14 ± 10.72% and 30.87 ± 11.26%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and GM/RF CoI (27.49 ± 12.97% and 34.98 ± 14.97%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, the co-activation of the shoulder muscles varies within the kettlebell single arm swing. The highest level of co-activation was observed in the descending phase of AD/PD and GM/RF CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the descending phase, ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI. In addition, the highest level of co-activation was observed in the ascending phase of ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the ascending phase, AD/PD and GM/RF CoI. The co-activation index could be a useful method for the interpretation of the shoulder and core muscles’ co-activity during a kettlebell single arm swing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:51:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-af273fc0fcbe4790b052f601d8cd102e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:51:25Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-af273fc0fcbe4790b052f601d8cd102e2023-11-21T17:40:57ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-04-01119403310.3390/app11094033Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing ExerciseAhmed Salem0Amr Hassan1Markus Tilp2Abdel-Rahman Akl3The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology (IASST), The Greek Campus, Cairo 11513, EgyptDepartment of Sports Training, Faculty of Sports Education, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptInstitute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, AustriaFaculty of Physical Education-Abo Qir, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21913, EgyptThe purpose of this study was to determine the muscle activation and co-activation of selected muscles during the kettlebell single arm swing exercise. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the muscle co-activation of a kettlebell single arm swing exercise. Nine volunteers participated in the present study (age: 22.6 ± 3.8 years; body mass: 80.4 ± 9.2 kg; height: 175.6 ± 7.5 cm). The electrical muscle activity of eight right agonist/antagonist muscles (AD/PD, ESL/RA, ESI/EO, and GM/RF) were recorded using a surface EMG system (Myon m320RX; Myon, Switzerland) and processed using the integrated EMG to calculate a co-activation index (CoI) for the ascending and descending phases. A significant effect of the ascending and descending phases on the muscles’ CoI was observed. Post hoc analyses showed that the co-activation was significantly higher in the descending phase compared to that in the ascending phase of AD/PD CoI (34.25 ± 18.03% and 24.75 ± 13.03%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ESL/RA CoI (34.97 ± 17.86% and 24.19 ± 10.32%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), ESI/EO CoI (41.14 ± 10.72% and 30.87 ± 11.26%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and GM/RF CoI (27.49 ± 12.97% and 34.98 ± 14.97%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, the co-activation of the shoulder muscles varies within the kettlebell single arm swing. The highest level of co-activation was observed in the descending phase of AD/PD and GM/RF CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the descending phase, ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI. In addition, the highest level of co-activation was observed in the ascending phase of ESL/RA and ESI/EO CoI, and the lowest level of co-activation was observed during the ascending phase, AD/PD and GM/RF CoI. The co-activation index could be a useful method for the interpretation of the shoulder and core muscles’ co-activity during a kettlebell single arm swing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/4033kettlebellantagonist muscleelectromyographyco-activationmovement analysisinjury prevention |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Salem Amr Hassan Markus Tilp Abdel-Rahman Akl Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise Applied Sciences kettlebell antagonist muscle electromyography co-activation movement analysis injury prevention |
| title | Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise |
| title_full | Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise |
| title_fullStr | Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise |
| title_short | Antagonist Muscle Co-Activation during Kettlebell Single Arm Swing Exercise |
| title_sort | antagonist muscle co activation during kettlebell single arm swing exercise |
| topic | kettlebell antagonist muscle electromyography co-activation movement analysis injury prevention |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/4033 |
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