Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications
<p>Ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) plays an important role in particulate matter formation; hence, its atmospheric level is relevant to human health and climate change. Due to different relative distributions of NH<span class=&q...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/4561/2021/acp-21-4561-2021.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818576430787723264 |
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| author | Z. Lan W. Lin W. Pu Z. Ma Z. Ma |
| author_facet | Z. Lan W. Lin W. Pu Z. Ma Z. Ma |
| author_sort | Z. Lan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) plays an important role in particulate matter formation;
hence, its atmospheric level is relevant to human health and climate
change. Due to different relative distributions of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> sources,
concentrations of atmospheric NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> may behave differently in urban and
rural areas. However, few parallel long-term observations of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> exist to
reveal the different behaviors of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations at urban
and rural sites in a same region. In this study, online ammonia analyzers
were used to continuously observe atmospheric NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations at an
urban site and a suburban site in Beijing from 13 January 2018 to 13 January 2019. The observed mixing ratio of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> averaged <span class="inline-formula">21±14</span> ppb
(range of 1.6–133 ppb) at the urban site and <span class="inline-formula">22±15</span> ppb (range of
0.8–199 ppb) at the suburban site. The NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at the urban
and suburban sites exhibited similar seasonal variations, with high values
in summer and spring and low values in autumn and winter. The hourly mean
NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at the urban site were highly correlated (<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i>=0.849</span>,
<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i><0.01</span>) with those at the suburban site; however, the average
diurnal variations in the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at the urban and suburban
sites differed significantly, which implies different contributions from
NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> sources and sinks at the urban and suburban sites. In addition to
the emission sources, meteorological factors were closely related to the
changes in the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations. For the same temperature (relative
humidity) at the urban and suburban sites, the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios
increased with relative humidity (temperature). Relative humidity was the
factor with the strongest influence on the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratio in
different seasons at the two sites. The relationships between the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>
concentrations and temperature (relative humidity) varied from season to
season and showed differences between the urban and suburban sites. The
reasons for the different relationships need to be investigated in future
studies. Higher wind speed mainly from the northwest sector lowered the
NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at both sites. Similarly to other primary pollutants
in Beijing, the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios were high when impacted by air masses
from the southern sector.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:13:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af2eff65d53045b88b4cba17a7beb0ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T06:13:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-af2eff65d53045b88b4cba17a7beb0ac2022-12-21T22:41:20ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-03-01214561457310.5194/acp-21-4561-2021Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implicationsZ. Lan0W. Lin1W. Pu2Z. Ma3Z. Ma4College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, ChinaCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, ChinaEnvironmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Beijing, 100089, ChinaEnvironmental Meteorological Forecast Center of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Beijing, 100089, ChinaBeijing Shangdianzi Regional Atmosphere Watch Station, Beijing, 101507, China<p>Ammonia (NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) plays an important role in particulate matter formation; hence, its atmospheric level is relevant to human health and climate change. Due to different relative distributions of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> sources, concentrations of atmospheric NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> may behave differently in urban and rural areas. However, few parallel long-term observations of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> exist to reveal the different behaviors of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations at urban and rural sites in a same region. In this study, online ammonia analyzers were used to continuously observe atmospheric NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations at an urban site and a suburban site in Beijing from 13 January 2018 to 13 January 2019. The observed mixing ratio of NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> averaged <span class="inline-formula">21±14</span> ppb (range of 1.6–133 ppb) at the urban site and <span class="inline-formula">22±15</span> ppb (range of 0.8–199 ppb) at the suburban site. The NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at the urban and suburban sites exhibited similar seasonal variations, with high values in summer and spring and low values in autumn and winter. The hourly mean NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at the urban site were highly correlated (<span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i>=0.849</span>, <span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i><0.01</span>) with those at the suburban site; however, the average diurnal variations in the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at the urban and suburban sites differed significantly, which implies different contributions from NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> sources and sinks at the urban and suburban sites. In addition to the emission sources, meteorological factors were closely related to the changes in the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations. For the same temperature (relative humidity) at the urban and suburban sites, the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios increased with relative humidity (temperature). Relative humidity was the factor with the strongest influence on the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratio in different seasons at the two sites. The relationships between the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> concentrations and temperature (relative humidity) varied from season to season and showed differences between the urban and suburban sites. The reasons for the different relationships need to be investigated in future studies. Higher wind speed mainly from the northwest sector lowered the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios at both sites. Similarly to other primary pollutants in Beijing, the NH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span> mixing ratios were high when impacted by air masses from the southern sector.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/4561/2021/acp-21-4561-2021.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Z. Lan W. Lin W. Pu Z. Ma Z. Ma Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications |
| title_full | Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications |
| title_fullStr | Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications |
| title_short | Measurement report: Exploring NH<sub>3</sub> behavior in urban and suburban Beijing: comparison and implications |
| title_sort | measurement report exploring nh sub 3 sub behavior in urban and suburban beijing comparison and implications |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/4561/2021/acp-21-4561-2021.pdf |
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