Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs
Advancement in the RNA sequencing techniques has discovered hundreds of thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in humans. However, the physiological function of most of the identified circRNAs remains unexplored. Recent studies have established that spliceosomal machinery and RNA-binding proteins mod...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Non-Coding RNA |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/6/4/45 |
| _version_ | 1797548284544286720 |
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| author | Pruthvi Raj Bejugam Aniruddha Das Amaresh Chandra Panda |
| author_facet | Pruthvi Raj Bejugam Aniruddha Das Amaresh Chandra Panda |
| author_sort | Pruthvi Raj Bejugam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Advancement in the RNA sequencing techniques has discovered hundreds of thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in humans. However, the physiological function of most of the identified circRNAs remains unexplored. Recent studies have established that spliceosomal machinery and RNA-binding proteins modulate circRNA biogenesis. Furthermore, circRNAs have been implicated in regulating crucial cellular processes by interacting with various proteins and microRNAs. However, there are several challenges in understanding the mechanism of circRNA biogenesis, transport, and their interaction with cellular factors to regulate cellular events because of their low abundance and sequence similarity with linear RNA. Addressing these challenges requires systematic studies that directly visualize the circRNAs in cells at single-molecule resolution along with the molecular regulators. In this review, we present the design, benefits, and weaknesses of RNA imaging techniques such as single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and BaseScope in fixed cells and fluorescent RNA aptamers in live-cell imaging of circRNAs. Furthermore, we propose the potential use of molecular beacons, multiply labeled tetravalent RNA imaging probes, and Cas-derived systems to visualize circRNAs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:57:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af3bbc03806d49a29f35b791bdf7eb8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-553X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:57:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Non-Coding RNA |
| spelling | doaj.art-af3bbc03806d49a29f35b791bdf7eb8c2023-11-20T20:32:39ZengMDPI AGNon-Coding RNA2311-553X2020-11-01644510.3390/ncrna6040045Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAsPruthvi Raj Bejugam0Aniruddha Das1Amaresh Chandra Panda2Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, IndiaInstitute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, IndiaInstitute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023, IndiaAdvancement in the RNA sequencing techniques has discovered hundreds of thousands of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in humans. However, the physiological function of most of the identified circRNAs remains unexplored. Recent studies have established that spliceosomal machinery and RNA-binding proteins modulate circRNA biogenesis. Furthermore, circRNAs have been implicated in regulating crucial cellular processes by interacting with various proteins and microRNAs. However, there are several challenges in understanding the mechanism of circRNA biogenesis, transport, and their interaction with cellular factors to regulate cellular events because of their low abundance and sequence similarity with linear RNA. Addressing these challenges requires systematic studies that directly visualize the circRNAs in cells at single-molecule resolution along with the molecular regulators. In this review, we present the design, benefits, and weaknesses of RNA imaging techniques such as single-molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and BaseScope in fixed cells and fluorescent RNA aptamers in live-cell imaging of circRNAs. Furthermore, we propose the potential use of molecular beacons, multiply labeled tetravalent RNA imaging probes, and Cas-derived systems to visualize circRNAs.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/6/4/45circRNAFISHBaseScopeaptamerlocalizationRNA-binding protein |
| spellingShingle | Pruthvi Raj Bejugam Aniruddha Das Amaresh Chandra Panda Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs Non-Coding RNA circRNA FISH BaseScope aptamer localization RNA-binding protein |
| title | Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs |
| title_full | Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs |
| title_fullStr | Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs |
| title_short | Seeing Is Believing: Visualizing Circular RNAs |
| title_sort | seeing is believing visualizing circular rnas |
| topic | circRNA FISH BaseScope aptamer localization RNA-binding protein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-553X/6/4/45 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pruthvirajbejugam seeingisbelievingvisualizingcircularrnas AT aniruddhadas seeingisbelievingvisualizingcircularrnas AT amareshchandrapanda seeingisbelievingvisualizingcircularrnas |