<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review
Bacterial co-infections increase the severity of respiratory viral infections and are frequent causes of mortality in COVID-19 infected subjects. During the COVID-19 period, especially at the beginning of the pandemic, an inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments has been frequently...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2252 |
| _version_ | 1797611042720710656 |
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| author | Marco Bongiovanni Beatrice Barda |
| author_facet | Marco Bongiovanni Beatrice Barda |
| author_sort | Marco Bongiovanni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial co-infections increase the severity of respiratory viral infections and are frequent causes of mortality in COVID-19 infected subjects. During the COVID-19 period, especially at the beginning of the pandemic, an inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments has been frequently described, mainly due to prolonged hospitalization, especially in intensive care unit departments, and the use of immune-suppressive treatments as steroids. This misuse has finally led to the occurrence of infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although different reports assessed the prevalence of Gram-negative infections in COVID-19 infected patients, scarce data are currently available on bloodstream infections caused by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The aim of our systematic review is to describe data on this specific population and to discuss the possible implications that these co-infections could have in the management of COVID-19 pandemics in the future. We systematically analysed the current literature to find all the relevant articles that describe the occurrence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients. We found 40 papers that described in detail <i>P. aeruginosa</i> HAIs-BSI in COVID-19 patients, including 756,067 patients overall. The occurrence of severe infections due to MDR bacteria had a significant impact in the management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infections, leading to a prolonged time of hospitalization and to a consequent increase in mortality. In the near future, the increased burden of MDR bacteria due to the COVID-19 pandemic might partially be reduced by maintaining the preventive measures of infection control implemented during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the role of antimicrobial stewardship in healthcare settings, according to the isolation of MDR bacteria and how to restore on a large scale the optimization of antibiotic strategies in COVID-19 patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:22:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af418a98f5b14f6d9f4de6c0d9b84d4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:22:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-af418a98f5b14f6d9f4de6c0d9b84d4c2023-11-17T11:50:17ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-03-01126225210.3390/jcm12062252<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic ReviewMarco Bongiovanni0Beatrice Barda1Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandDivision of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, SwitzerlandBacterial co-infections increase the severity of respiratory viral infections and are frequent causes of mortality in COVID-19 infected subjects. During the COVID-19 period, especially at the beginning of the pandemic, an inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments has been frequently described, mainly due to prolonged hospitalization, especially in intensive care unit departments, and the use of immune-suppressive treatments as steroids. This misuse has finally led to the occurrence of infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Although different reports assessed the prevalence of Gram-negative infections in COVID-19 infected patients, scarce data are currently available on bloodstream infections caused by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The aim of our systematic review is to describe data on this specific population and to discuss the possible implications that these co-infections could have in the management of COVID-19 pandemics in the future. We systematically analysed the current literature to find all the relevant articles that describe the occurrence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> bloodstream infections in COVID-19 patients. We found 40 papers that described in detail <i>P. aeruginosa</i> HAIs-BSI in COVID-19 patients, including 756,067 patients overall. The occurrence of severe infections due to MDR bacteria had a significant impact in the management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infections, leading to a prolonged time of hospitalization and to a consequent increase in mortality. In the near future, the increased burden of MDR bacteria due to the COVID-19 pandemic might partially be reduced by maintaining the preventive measures of infection control implemented during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we discuss how the COVID-19 pandemic changed the role of antimicrobial stewardship in healthcare settings, according to the isolation of MDR bacteria and how to restore on a large scale the optimization of antibiotic strategies in COVID-19 patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2252<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>COVID-19bloodstream infectionsbroad-spectrum antibiotic treatmentsmulti-drug resistant bacteria (MDR)antimicrobial stewardship |
| spellingShingle | Marco Bongiovanni Beatrice Barda <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review Journal of Clinical Medicine <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> COVID-19 bloodstream infections broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) antimicrobial stewardship |
| title | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Bloodstream Infections in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | i pseudomonas aeruginosa i bloodstream infections in sars cov 2 infected patients a systematic review |
| topic | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> COVID-19 bloodstream infections broad-spectrum antibiotic treatments multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) antimicrobial stewardship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2252 |
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