Summary: | <i>Salmonella</i> enterica serovar Typhi (<i>S.</i> Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>S.</i> Typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in <i>S.</i> Typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR <i>S.</i> Typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3–90.2), with high heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 95.35%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among <i>S.</i> Typhi internationally.
|