Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
<i>Salmonella</i> enterica serovar Typhi (<i>S.</i> Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>S.</...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/10/271 |
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| author | Nik Yusnoraini Yusof Nur Iffah Izzati Norazzman Nur Fatihah Mohd Zaidi Mawaddah Mohd Azlan Basyirah Ghazali Mohamad Ahmad Najib Abdul Hafiz Abdul Malik Mohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul Halim Muhammad Nor Syamim Mohd Sanusi Annur Ashyqin Zainal Ismail Aziah |
| author_facet | Nik Yusnoraini Yusof Nur Iffah Izzati Norazzman Nur Fatihah Mohd Zaidi Mawaddah Mohd Azlan Basyirah Ghazali Mohamad Ahmad Najib Abdul Hafiz Abdul Malik Mohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul Halim Muhammad Nor Syamim Mohd Sanusi Annur Ashyqin Zainal Ismail Aziah |
| author_sort | Nik Yusnoraini Yusof |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> enterica serovar Typhi (<i>S.</i> Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>S.</i> Typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in <i>S.</i> Typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR <i>S.</i> Typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3–90.2), with high heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 95.35%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among <i>S.</i> Typhi internationally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:25:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af4fd54e030842e09b732606df5e1bde |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:25:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-af4fd54e030842e09b732606df5e1bde2023-11-24T03:00:07ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662022-09-0171027110.3390/tropicalmed7100271Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisNik Yusnoraini Yusof0Nur Iffah Izzati Norazzman1Nur Fatihah Mohd Zaidi2Mawaddah Mohd Azlan3Basyirah Ghazali4Mohamad Ahmad Najib5Abdul Hafiz Abdul Malik6Mohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul Halim7Muhammad Nor Syamim Mohd Sanusi8Annur Ashyqin Zainal9Ismail Aziah10Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaInstitute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia<i>Salmonella</i> enterica serovar Typhi (<i>S.</i> Typhi) that has developed resistance to many antimicrobials poses a serious challenge to public health. Hence, this study aimed to systematically determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in <i>S.</i> Typhi isolated from the environment and humans as well as to ascertain the spread of the selected AMR genes in <i>S.</i> Typhi. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and the study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A total of 2353 studies were retrieved from three databases, of which 42 studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of AMR <i>S.</i> Typhi (using a random-effect model) was estimated at 84.8% (95% CI; 77.3–90.2), with high heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 95.35%, <i>p</i>-value < 0.001). The high estimated prevalence indicates that control methods should be improved immediately to prevent the spread of AMR among <i>S.</i> Typhi internationally.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/10/271prevalenceantimicrobial resistance gene<i>Salmonella</i> Typhiantibiotic resistancesystematic reviewmeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Nik Yusnoraini Yusof Nur Iffah Izzati Norazzman Nur Fatihah Mohd Zaidi Mawaddah Mohd Azlan Basyirah Ghazali Mohamad Ahmad Najib Abdul Hafiz Abdul Malik Mohamad Aideil Helmy Abdul Halim Muhammad Nor Syamim Mohd Sanusi Annur Ashyqin Zainal Ismail Aziah Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease prevalence antimicrobial resistance gene <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi antibiotic resistance systematic review meta-analysis |
| title | Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes in i salmonella i typhi a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | prevalence antimicrobial resistance gene <i>Salmonella</i> Typhi antibiotic resistance systematic review meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/7/10/271 |
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