The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses
The effects on stress-induced analgesia (SIA) from endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) and nitric oxide (NO) interaction after 1 h of restraint stress were evaluated in male Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to 1 h of restraint and then injected with different combinations of cannabinoid recep...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2886 |
| _version_ | 1797624244600832000 |
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| author | Hristina Nocheva Nikolay S. Krastev Dimo S. Krastev Milka Mileva |
| author_facet | Hristina Nocheva Nikolay S. Krastev Dimo S. Krastev Milka Mileva |
| author_sort | Hristina Nocheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effects on stress-induced analgesia (SIA) from endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) and nitric oxide (NO) interaction after 1 h of restraint stress were evaluated in male Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to 1 h of restraint and then injected with different combinations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist anandamide (AEA) or antagonist AM251 along with an NO donor, NO precursor, or inhibitor of NO synthase. Nociception was evaluated using paw pressure (PP) or hot plate (HP) tests. AEA was administered immediately after the end of restraint-SIA (r-SIA). Administration of NO precursor reversed the pronociceptive effect of the CB1 agonist on r-SIA. Both the CB1 antagonist and the NOS inhibitor neutralized the pro-analgesic effect of L-arginine (L-arg). Administration of an NO donor, instead, increased r-SIA. Our experiments confirmed that the endogenous cannabinoid and the NO-ergic systems interact in the modulation of r-SIA. This interaction probably implies NO as a second messenger of the ECS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:40:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af5267c1c1a9422da5a88e0e06a58287 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:40:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-af5267c1c1a9422da5a88e0e06a582872023-11-16T17:03:50ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01243288610.3390/ijms24032886The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress ResponsesHristina Nocheva0Nikolay S. Krastev1Dimo S. Krastev2Milka Mileva3Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 1403 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, 1606 Sofia, BulgariaCollege of Medicine “Yordanka Filaretova”, Medical University, 1606 Sofia, BulgariaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaThe effects on stress-induced analgesia (SIA) from endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) and nitric oxide (NO) interaction after 1 h of restraint stress were evaluated in male Wistar rats. The animals were subjected to 1 h of restraint and then injected with different combinations of cannabinoid receptor type 1 agonist anandamide (AEA) or antagonist AM251 along with an NO donor, NO precursor, or inhibitor of NO synthase. Nociception was evaluated using paw pressure (PP) or hot plate (HP) tests. AEA was administered immediately after the end of restraint-SIA (r-SIA). Administration of NO precursor reversed the pronociceptive effect of the CB1 agonist on r-SIA. Both the CB1 antagonist and the NOS inhibitor neutralized the pro-analgesic effect of L-arginine (L-arg). Administration of an NO donor, instead, increased r-SIA. Our experiments confirmed that the endogenous cannabinoid and the NO-ergic systems interact in the modulation of r-SIA. This interaction probably implies NO as a second messenger of the ECS.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2886anandamide (AEA)nitric oxide (NO)restraint stress (RS)antinociceptionpaw pressure testhot plate test |
| spellingShingle | Hristina Nocheva Nikolay S. Krastev Dimo S. Krastev Milka Mileva The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses International Journal of Molecular Sciences anandamide (AEA) nitric oxide (NO) restraint stress (RS) antinociception paw pressure test hot plate test |
| title | The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses |
| title_full | The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses |
| title_fullStr | The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses |
| title_short | The Endogenous Cannabinoid and the Nitricoxidergic Systems in the Modulation of Stress Responses |
| title_sort | endogenous cannabinoid and the nitricoxidergic systems in the modulation of stress responses |
| topic | anandamide (AEA) nitric oxide (NO) restraint stress (RS) antinociception paw pressure test hot plate test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/3/2886 |
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