Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China
A randomized block field experiment was conducted in the irrigated area of northern Xinjiang, China, to clarify the effects of biochar (0, 30 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> (B)) combined with nitrogen (0, 150 (N1), and 300 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> (N2)) on soil fer...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/10/2518 |
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| author | Weijun Yang Zilong Wang Song Guo Mei Yang Lining Zhao Hongmei Zhao Hongtao Jia Wanli Xu |
| author_facet | Weijun Yang Zilong Wang Song Guo Mei Yang Lining Zhao Hongmei Zhao Hongtao Jia Wanli Xu |
| author_sort | Weijun Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A randomized block field experiment was conducted in the irrigated area of northern Xinjiang, China, to clarify the effects of biochar (0, 30 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> (B)) combined with nitrogen (0, 150 (N1), and 300 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> (N2)) on soil fertility, which was represented by CK, B, N1, N2, BN1, and BN2, respectively. The performance of eleven indices related to soil chemical, physical, and biological properties was evaluated by factor analysis and cluster analysis to determine the most appropriate mode for soil fertilization and to identify the main soil environmental factors affecting wheat yield under biochar combined with nitrogen. The results indicated that the first factor was the activity factor, including the Shannon index, McIntosh index, and Simpson index. The second factor was the available nutrient factor, including organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Factor 3 can be taken as the nutrient-supplying and retaining factor containing total phosphorus, total potassium, and bacterial quantity. The highest score of soil quality was observed in the BN1 treatment, followed by the BN2 and B treatments, which were almost in line with the results of wheat yields. Cluster analysis classified six treatments into four main groups on the basis of the measured parameters, which was mostly consistent with the results of soil quality scores. Considering both economic and environmental benefits, 30 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> biochar combined with 150 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> nitrogen was the best combination to restore crop productivity and soil quality and to achieve nitrogen decrease and benefit increase. This study provided the scientific basis for the rational fertilization and scientific management of biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer in the irrigated area of northern Xinjiang, China. |
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| language | English |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-af55c5d14ebc4a57bc1672683638732a2023-11-19T15:21:19ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952023-09-011310251810.3390/agronomy13102518Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, ChinaWeijun Yang0Zilong Wang1Song Guo2Mei Yang3Lining Zhao4Hongmei Zhao5Hongtao Jia6Wanli Xu7College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 East Nongda Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaXinjiang Germplasm Resource Center, No. 69 Hei Longjiang Road, Urumqi 830006, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 East Nongda Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 East Nongda Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 East Nongda Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 East Nongda Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, No. 311 East Nongda Road, Urumqi 830052, ChinaInstitute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Sparing Water, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, ChinaA randomized block field experiment was conducted in the irrigated area of northern Xinjiang, China, to clarify the effects of biochar (0, 30 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> (B)) combined with nitrogen (0, 150 (N1), and 300 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> (N2)) on soil fertility, which was represented by CK, B, N1, N2, BN1, and BN2, respectively. The performance of eleven indices related to soil chemical, physical, and biological properties was evaluated by factor analysis and cluster analysis to determine the most appropriate mode for soil fertilization and to identify the main soil environmental factors affecting wheat yield under biochar combined with nitrogen. The results indicated that the first factor was the activity factor, including the Shannon index, McIntosh index, and Simpson index. The second factor was the available nutrient factor, including organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium. Factor 3 can be taken as the nutrient-supplying and retaining factor containing total phosphorus, total potassium, and bacterial quantity. The highest score of soil quality was observed in the BN1 treatment, followed by the BN2 and B treatments, which were almost in line with the results of wheat yields. Cluster analysis classified six treatments into four main groups on the basis of the measured parameters, which was mostly consistent with the results of soil quality scores. Considering both economic and environmental benefits, 30 × 10<sup>3</sup> kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> biochar combined with 150 kg·hm<sup>−2</sup> nitrogen was the best combination to restore crop productivity and soil quality and to achieve nitrogen decrease and benefit increase. This study provided the scientific basis for the rational fertilization and scientific management of biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer in the irrigated area of northern Xinjiang, China.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/10/2518biocharsoil fertilityirrigated areas |
| spellingShingle | Weijun Yang Zilong Wang Song Guo Mei Yang Lining Zhao Hongmei Zhao Hongtao Jia Wanli Xu Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China Agronomy biochar soil fertility irrigated areas |
| title | Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China |
| title_full | Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China |
| title_short | Evaluation of Soil Fertility Quality under Biochar Combined with Nitrogen in an Irrigated Wheat Field in Northern Xinjiang, China |
| title_sort | evaluation of soil fertility quality under biochar combined with nitrogen in an irrigated wheat field in northern xinjiang china |
| topic | biochar soil fertility irrigated areas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/10/2518 |
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