Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets
Background: The term “bacterial translocation” (BT) refers to the migration of bacteria or their products from the gastrointestinal tract to tissues located outside it, and may occur after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The term “endotoxin” is synonymous, and is used interchangeably with th...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/12/3103 |
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| author | Dimitra-Ifigeneia Matara Rozeta Sokou Theodoros Xanthos Abraham Pouliakis Antigoni Sarantaki Theodora Boutsikou Zoi Iliodromiti Christos Salakos Maria Gazouli Nicoletta Iacovidou |
| author_facet | Dimitra-Ifigeneia Matara Rozeta Sokou Theodoros Xanthos Abraham Pouliakis Antigoni Sarantaki Theodora Boutsikou Zoi Iliodromiti Christos Salakos Maria Gazouli Nicoletta Iacovidou |
| author_sort | Dimitra-Ifigeneia Matara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The term “bacterial translocation” (BT) refers to the migration of bacteria or their products from the gastrointestinal tract to tissues located outside it, and may occur after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The term “endotoxin” is synonymous, and is used interchangeably with the term lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS, a component of Gram-negative gut bacteria, is a potent microbial virulence factor, that can trigger production of pro-inflammatory mediators, causing localized and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate if neonatal asphyxia provokes BT and an increased concentration of LPS in an animal model of asphyxia in piglets. Methods: Twenty-one (21) newborn male Landrace/Large White piglets, 1–4 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups, Control (A), Asphyxia (B) and Asphyxia-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (C). All animals were instrumented, anesthetized and underwent hemodynamic monitoring. In Group A, the animals were euthanized. In Group B, the endotracheal tube was occluded to cause asphyxia leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. In Group C, the animals were resuscitated after asphyxia and further monitored for 30′. Bacterial translocation was assessed by the measurement of endotoxin in blood from the portal vein and the aorta, and also by the measurement of endotoxin in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) at euthanasia. The results are given as median (IQR) with LPS concentration in EU/mL. Results: BT was observed in all groups with minimum LPS concentration in the MLN and maximum concentration in the portal vein. LPS levels in the MLNs were higher in the Group B: 6.38 EU/mL (2.69–9.34) compared to the other groups (Group A: 2.1 EU/mL (1.08–2.52), Group C: 1.66 EU/mL (1.51–2.48), <i>p</i> = 0.012). The aorta to MLNs LPS difference (%) was lower in Group B: 0.13% (0.04–1.17), compared to Group A: 5.08% (2.2–10.7), and Group C: 3.42% (1.5–5.1)) (<i>p</i> = 0.042). The same was detected for portal to MLNs LPS difference (%) which was lower in Group B: 0.94% (0.5–3) compared to Group A: 4.9% (4–15), and Group C: 3.85% (1.5–5.1)) (<i>p</i> = 0.044). Conclusions: Neonatal asphyxia can provoke ΒΤ and increased LPS concentration in blood and tissue located outside the gastrointestinal system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:08:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af653475bf7441889d07dc6690fc0f46 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:08:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-af653475bf7441889d07dc6690fc0f462023-11-24T14:18:41ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-12-011212310310.3390/diagnostics12123103Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal PigletsDimitra-Ifigeneia Matara0Rozeta Sokou1Theodoros Xanthos2Abraham Pouliakis3Antigoni Sarantaki4Theodora Boutsikou5Zoi Iliodromiti6Christos Salakos7Maria Gazouli8Nicoletta Iacovidou9Neonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceNeonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece2nd Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, 12462 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, GreeceNeonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceNeonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreecePediatric Surgical Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, Medical School, 12462 Athens, GreeceSchool of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, GreeceNeonatal Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, GreeceBackground: The term “bacterial translocation” (BT) refers to the migration of bacteria or their products from the gastrointestinal tract to tissues located outside it, and may occur after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. The term “endotoxin” is synonymous, and is used interchangeably with the term lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS, a component of Gram-negative gut bacteria, is a potent microbial virulence factor, that can trigger production of pro-inflammatory mediators, causing localized and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate if neonatal asphyxia provokes BT and an increased concentration of LPS in an animal model of asphyxia in piglets. Methods: Twenty-one (21) newborn male Landrace/Large White piglets, 1–4 days old, were randomly allocated into three groups, Control (A), Asphyxia (B) and Asphyxia-Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) (C). All animals were instrumented, anesthetized and underwent hemodynamic monitoring. In Group A, the animals were euthanized. In Group B, the endotracheal tube was occluded to cause asphyxia leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. In Group C, the animals were resuscitated after asphyxia and further monitored for 30′. Bacterial translocation was assessed by the measurement of endotoxin in blood from the portal vein and the aorta, and also by the measurement of endotoxin in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) at euthanasia. The results are given as median (IQR) with LPS concentration in EU/mL. Results: BT was observed in all groups with minimum LPS concentration in the MLN and maximum concentration in the portal vein. LPS levels in the MLNs were higher in the Group B: 6.38 EU/mL (2.69–9.34) compared to the other groups (Group A: 2.1 EU/mL (1.08–2.52), Group C: 1.66 EU/mL (1.51–2.48), <i>p</i> = 0.012). The aorta to MLNs LPS difference (%) was lower in Group B: 0.13% (0.04–1.17), compared to Group A: 5.08% (2.2–10.7), and Group C: 3.42% (1.5–5.1)) (<i>p</i> = 0.042). The same was detected for portal to MLNs LPS difference (%) which was lower in Group B: 0.94% (0.5–3) compared to Group A: 4.9% (4–15), and Group C: 3.85% (1.5–5.1)) (<i>p</i> = 0.044). Conclusions: Neonatal asphyxia can provoke ΒΤ and increased LPS concentration in blood and tissue located outside the gastrointestinal system.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/12/3103neonatal asphyxiamicrobial translocationanimal modelgut microbiomeintestinal ischemiaendotoxin |
| spellingShingle | Dimitra-Ifigeneia Matara Rozeta Sokou Theodoros Xanthos Abraham Pouliakis Antigoni Sarantaki Theodora Boutsikou Zoi Iliodromiti Christos Salakos Maria Gazouli Nicoletta Iacovidou Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets Diagnostics neonatal asphyxia microbial translocation animal model gut microbiome intestinal ischemia endotoxin |
| title | Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets |
| title_full | Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets |
| title_fullStr | Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets |
| title_short | Asphyxia-Induced Bacterial Translocation in an Animal Experimental Model in Neonatal Piglets |
| title_sort | asphyxia induced bacterial translocation in an animal experimental model in neonatal piglets |
| topic | neonatal asphyxia microbial translocation animal model gut microbiome intestinal ischemia endotoxin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/12/3103 |
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