<i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors
Nipah virus (NiV; genus: Henipavirus; family: <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>) naturally infects Old World fruit bats (family <i>Pteropodidae</i>) without causing overt disease. Conversely, NiV infection in humans and other mammals can be lethal. Comparing bat antiviral responses with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/11/2147 |
| _version_ | 1797457568277200896 |
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| author | Sarah van Tol Adam Hage Ricardo Rajsbaum Alexander N. Freiberg |
| author_facet | Sarah van Tol Adam Hage Ricardo Rajsbaum Alexander N. Freiberg |
| author_sort | Sarah van Tol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nipah virus (NiV; genus: Henipavirus; family: <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>) naturally infects Old World fruit bats (family <i>Pteropodidae</i>) without causing overt disease. Conversely, NiV infection in humans and other mammals can be lethal. Comparing bat antiviral responses with those of humans may illuminate the mechanisms that facilitate bats’ tolerance. Tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs), a large family of E3-ubiquitin ligases, fine-tune innate antiviral immune responses, and two human TRIMs interact with Henipavirus proteins. We hypothesize that NiV infection induces the expression of an immunosuppressive TRIM in bat, but not human cells, to promote tolerance. Here, we show that TRIM40 is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in pteropodid but not human cells. Knockdown of bat TRIM40 increases gene expression of IFNβ, ISGs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines following poly(I:C) transfection. In <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i>, but not human cells, NiV induces TRIM40 expression within 16 h after infection, and knockdown of TRIM40 correlates with reduced NiV titers as compared to control cells. Bats may have evolved to express TRIM40 in response to viral infections to control immunopathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af6e44ad4fe941bcb71b15c8c885f3fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:23:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-af6e44ad4fe941bcb71b15c8c885f3fd2023-11-24T15:10:33ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-10-011511214710.3390/v15112147<i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like ReceptorsSarah van Tol0Adam Hage1Ricardo Rajsbaum2Alexander N. Freiberg3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USAInstitute for Human Infections and Immunity, Sealy & Smith Foundation, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USANipah virus (NiV; genus: Henipavirus; family: <i>Paramyxoviridae</i>) naturally infects Old World fruit bats (family <i>Pteropodidae</i>) without causing overt disease. Conversely, NiV infection in humans and other mammals can be lethal. Comparing bat antiviral responses with those of humans may illuminate the mechanisms that facilitate bats’ tolerance. Tripartite motif proteins (TRIMs), a large family of E3-ubiquitin ligases, fine-tune innate antiviral immune responses, and two human TRIMs interact with Henipavirus proteins. We hypothesize that NiV infection induces the expression of an immunosuppressive TRIM in bat, but not human cells, to promote tolerance. Here, we show that TRIM40 is an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in pteropodid but not human cells. Knockdown of bat TRIM40 increases gene expression of IFNβ, ISGs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines following poly(I:C) transfection. In <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i>, but not human cells, NiV induces TRIM40 expression within 16 h after infection, and knockdown of TRIM40 correlates with reduced NiV titers as compared to control cells. Bats may have evolved to express TRIM40 in response to viral infections to control immunopathogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/11/2147tripartite motif (TRIM) proteinsRIG-I-like receptorsMDA5RIG-INipah virus (NiV)TRIM40 |
| spellingShingle | Sarah van Tol Adam Hage Ricardo Rajsbaum Alexander N. Freiberg <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors Viruses tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins RIG-I-like receptors MDA5 RIG-I Nipah virus (NiV) TRIM40 |
| title | <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors |
| title_full | <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors |
| title_fullStr | <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors |
| title_short | <i>Pteropus vampyrus</i> TRIM40 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Antagonizes RIG-I-like Receptors |
| title_sort | i pteropus vampyrus i trim40 is an interferon stimulated gene that antagonizes rig i like receptors |
| topic | tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins RIG-I-like receptors MDA5 RIG-I Nipah virus (NiV) TRIM40 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/11/2147 |
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