Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures
Isotopic and trace element variations within single diamond crystals are widely known from both natural stones and synthetic crystals. A number of processes can produce variations in carbon isotope composition and nitrogen abundance in the course of diamond crystallization. Here, we present evidence...
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MDPI AG
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/7/190 |
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| author | Vadim N. Reutsky Piotr M. Kowalski Yury N. Palyanov EIMF Michael Wiedenbeck |
| author_facet | Vadim N. Reutsky Piotr M. Kowalski Yury N. Palyanov EIMF Michael Wiedenbeck |
| author_sort | Vadim N. Reutsky |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Isotopic and trace element variations within single diamond crystals are widely known from both natural stones and synthetic crystals. A number of processes can produce variations in carbon isotope composition and nitrogen abundance in the course of diamond crystallization. Here, we present evidence of carbon and nitrogen fractionation related to the growing surfaces of a diamond. We document that difference in the carbon isotope composition between cubic and octahedral growth sectors is solvent-dependent and varies from 0.7‰ in a carbonate system to 0.4‰ in a metal-carbon system. Ab initio calculations suggest up to 4‰ instantaneous 13C depletion of cubic faces in comparison to octahedral faces when grown simultaneously. Cubic growth sectors always have lower nitrogen abundance in comparison to octahedral sectors within synthetic diamond crystals in both carbonate and metal-carbon systems. The stability of any particular growth faces of a diamond crystal depends upon the degree of carbon association in the solution. Octahedron is the dominant form in a high-associated solution while the cube is the dominant form in a low-associated solution. Fine-scale data from natural crystals potentially can provide information on the form of carbon, which was present in the growth media. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:12:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af79525b22ad4da3ab1f463992541c9a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:12:06Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-af79525b22ad4da3ab1f463992541c9a2022-12-22T04:27:26ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522017-06-017719010.3390/cryst7070190cryst7070190Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High PressuresVadim N. Reutsky0Piotr M. Kowalski1Yury N. Palyanov2EIMF3Michael Wiedenbeck4Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaInstitute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Juelich, 52425 Juelich, GermanySobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, RussiaEdinburgh Ion Microprobe Facility, Grant Institute of Earth Sciences, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UKDeutsches GeoForschungZentrum, 14473 Potsdam, GermanyIsotopic and trace element variations within single diamond crystals are widely known from both natural stones and synthetic crystals. A number of processes can produce variations in carbon isotope composition and nitrogen abundance in the course of diamond crystallization. Here, we present evidence of carbon and nitrogen fractionation related to the growing surfaces of a diamond. We document that difference in the carbon isotope composition between cubic and octahedral growth sectors is solvent-dependent and varies from 0.7‰ in a carbonate system to 0.4‰ in a metal-carbon system. Ab initio calculations suggest up to 4‰ instantaneous 13C depletion of cubic faces in comparison to octahedral faces when grown simultaneously. Cubic growth sectors always have lower nitrogen abundance in comparison to octahedral sectors within synthetic diamond crystals in both carbonate and metal-carbon systems. The stability of any particular growth faces of a diamond crystal depends upon the degree of carbon association in the solution. Octahedron is the dominant form in a high-associated solution while the cube is the dominant form in a low-associated solution. Fine-scale data from natural crystals potentially can provide information on the form of carbon, which was present in the growth media.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/7/190mixed-habit diamond crystallizationcarbon isotopesnitrogen impurityfractionationexperimenthigh pressurehigh temperaturecrystal chemistrysurface structureSIMS |
| spellingShingle | Vadim N. Reutsky Piotr M. Kowalski Yury N. Palyanov EIMF Michael Wiedenbeck Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures Crystals mixed-habit diamond crystallization carbon isotopes nitrogen impurity fractionation experiment high pressure high temperature crystal chemistry surface structure SIMS |
| title | Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures |
| title_full | Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures |
| title_short | Experimental and Theoretical Evidence for Surface-Induced Carbon and Nitrogen Fractionation during Diamond Crystallization at High Temperatures and High Pressures |
| title_sort | experimental and theoretical evidence for surface induced carbon and nitrogen fractionation during diamond crystallization at high temperatures and high pressures |
| topic | mixed-habit diamond crystallization carbon isotopes nitrogen impurity fractionation experiment high pressure high temperature crystal chemistry surface structure SIMS |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/7/190 |
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