Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany
Phenotypic susceptibility testing of <i>Escherichia</i> (<i>E.</i>) <i>coli</i> is an essential tool to gain a better understanding of the potential impact of biocide selection pressure on antimicrobial resistance. We, therefore, determined the biocide and antimic...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/5/823 |
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| author | David Attuy Vey da Silva Ralf Dieckmann Oliwia Makarewicz Anita Hartung Astrid Bethe Mirjam Grobbel Vitaly Belik Mathias W. Pletz Sascha Al Dahouk Szilvia Neuhaus |
| author_facet | David Attuy Vey da Silva Ralf Dieckmann Oliwia Makarewicz Anita Hartung Astrid Bethe Mirjam Grobbel Vitaly Belik Mathias W. Pletz Sascha Al Dahouk Szilvia Neuhaus |
| author_sort | David Attuy Vey da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenotypic susceptibility testing of <i>Escherichia</i> (<i>E.</i>) <i>coli</i> is an essential tool to gain a better understanding of the potential impact of biocide selection pressure on antimicrobial resistance. We, therefore, determined the biocide and antimicrobial susceptibility of 216 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) and 177 non-ESBL <i>E. coli</i> isolated from swine feces, pork meat, voluntary donors and inpatients and evaluated associations between their susceptibilities. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG), chlorocresol (PCMC), glutaraldehyde (GDA), isopropanol (IPA), octenidine dihydrochloride and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed unimodal distributions, indicating the absence of bacterial adaptation to biocides due to the acquisition of resistance mechanisms. Although MIC<sub>95</sub> and MBC<sub>95</sub> did not vary more than one doubling dilution step between isolates of porcine and human origin, significant differences in MIC and/or MBC distributions were identified for GDA, CHG, IPA, PCMC and NaOCl. Comparing non-ESBL and ESBL <i>E. coli</i>, significantly different MIC and/or MBC distributions were found for PCMC, CHG and GDA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the highest frequency of resistant <i>E. coli</i> in the subpopulation isolated from inpatients. We observed significant but weakly positive correlations between biocide MICs and/or MBCs and antimicrobial MICs. In summary, our data indicate a rather moderate effect of biocide use on the susceptibility of <i>E. coli</i> to biocides and antimicrobials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:00:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af82a466365d4fdb980f363d0f9b8cb1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:00:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-af82a466365d4fdb980f363d0f9b8cb12023-11-18T00:11:46ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822023-04-0112582310.3390/antibiotics12050823Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in GermanyDavid Attuy Vey da Silva0Ralf Dieckmann1Oliwia Makarewicz2Anita Hartung3Astrid Bethe4Mirjam Grobbel5Vitaly Belik6Mathias W. Pletz7Sascha Al Dahouk8Szilvia Neuhaus9Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, GermanyInstitute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, GermanySystem Modeling Group, Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, GermanyDepartment of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, GermanyPhenotypic susceptibility testing of <i>Escherichia</i> (<i>E.</i>) <i>coli</i> is an essential tool to gain a better understanding of the potential impact of biocide selection pressure on antimicrobial resistance. We, therefore, determined the biocide and antimicrobial susceptibility of 216 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) and 177 non-ESBL <i>E. coli</i> isolated from swine feces, pork meat, voluntary donors and inpatients and evaluated associations between their susceptibilities. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG), chlorocresol (PCMC), glutaraldehyde (GDA), isopropanol (IPA), octenidine dihydrochloride and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) showed unimodal distributions, indicating the absence of bacterial adaptation to biocides due to the acquisition of resistance mechanisms. Although MIC<sub>95</sub> and MBC<sub>95</sub> did not vary more than one doubling dilution step between isolates of porcine and human origin, significant differences in MIC and/or MBC distributions were identified for GDA, CHG, IPA, PCMC and NaOCl. Comparing non-ESBL and ESBL <i>E. coli</i>, significantly different MIC and/or MBC distributions were found for PCMC, CHG and GDA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the highest frequency of resistant <i>E. coli</i> in the subpopulation isolated from inpatients. We observed significant but weakly positive correlations between biocide MICs and/or MBCs and antimicrobial MICs. In summary, our data indicate a rather moderate effect of biocide use on the susceptibility of <i>E. coli</i> to biocides and antimicrobials.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/5/823antimicrobial resistancebiocide susceptibility<i>Escherichia coli</i>one health |
| spellingShingle | David Attuy Vey da Silva Ralf Dieckmann Oliwia Makarewicz Anita Hartung Astrid Bethe Mirjam Grobbel Vitaly Belik Mathias W. Pletz Sascha Al Dahouk Szilvia Neuhaus Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany Antibiotics antimicrobial resistance biocide susceptibility <i>Escherichia coli</i> one health |
| title | Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany |
| title_full | Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany |
| title_fullStr | Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany |
| title_short | Biocide Susceptibility and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Swine Feces, Pork Meat and Humans in Germany |
| title_sort | biocide susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance of i escherichia coli i isolated from swine feces pork meat and humans in germany |
| topic | antimicrobial resistance biocide susceptibility <i>Escherichia coli</i> one health |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/12/5/823 |
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