Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study
Optimal spatial assessment of short-time step precipitation for hydrological modelling is still an important research question considering the poor observation networks for high time resolution data. The main objective of this paper is to present a new approach for rainfall observation. The idea is...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2010-07-01
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| Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/14/1139/2010/hess-14-1139-2010.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811251952264151040 |
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| author | U. Haberlandt M. Sester |
| author_facet | U. Haberlandt M. Sester |
| author_sort | U. Haberlandt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Optimal spatial assessment of short-time step precipitation for hydrological modelling is still an important research question considering the poor observation networks for high time resolution data. The main objective of this paper is to present a new approach for rainfall observation. The idea is to consider motorcars as moving rain gauges with windscreen wipers as sensors to detect precipitation. This idea is easily technically feasible if the cars are provided with GPS and a small memory chip for recording the coordinates, car speed and wiper frequency. This study explores theoretically the benefits of such an approach. For that a valid relationship between wiper speed and rainfall rate considering uncertainty was assumed here. A simple traffic model is applied to generate motorcars on roads in a river basin. Radar data are used as reference rainfall fields. Rainfall from these fields is sampled with a conventional rain gauge network and with several dynamic networks consisting of moving motorcars, using different assumptions such as accuracy levels for measurements and sensor equipment rates for the car networks. Those observed point rainfall data from the different networks are then used to calculate areal rainfall for different scales. Ordinary kriging and indicator kriging are applied for interpolation of the point data with the latter considering uncertain rainfall observation by cars e.g. according to a discrete number of windscreen wiper operation classes. The results are compared with the values from the radar observations. The study is carried out for the 3300 km<sup>2</sup> Bode river basin located in the Harz Mountains in Northern Germany. The results show, that the idea is theoretically feasible and motivate practical experiments. Only a small portion of the cars needed to be equipped with sensors for sufficient areal rainfall estimation. Regarding the required sensitivity of the potential rain sensors in cars it could be shown, that often a few classes for rainfall observation are enough for satisfactory areal rainfall estimation. The findings of the study suggest also a revisiting of the rain gauge network optimisation problem. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:27:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af8751a2b06d43bd80de328b4c17f57d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1027-5606 1607-7938 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T16:27:41Z |
| publishDate | 2010-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-af8751a2b06d43bd80de328b4c17f57d2022-12-22T03:25:18ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382010-07-011471139115110.5194/hess-14-1139-2010Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling studyU. HaberlandtM. SesterOptimal spatial assessment of short-time step precipitation for hydrological modelling is still an important research question considering the poor observation networks for high time resolution data. The main objective of this paper is to present a new approach for rainfall observation. The idea is to consider motorcars as moving rain gauges with windscreen wipers as sensors to detect precipitation. This idea is easily technically feasible if the cars are provided with GPS and a small memory chip for recording the coordinates, car speed and wiper frequency. This study explores theoretically the benefits of such an approach. For that a valid relationship between wiper speed and rainfall rate considering uncertainty was assumed here. A simple traffic model is applied to generate motorcars on roads in a river basin. Radar data are used as reference rainfall fields. Rainfall from these fields is sampled with a conventional rain gauge network and with several dynamic networks consisting of moving motorcars, using different assumptions such as accuracy levels for measurements and sensor equipment rates for the car networks. Those observed point rainfall data from the different networks are then used to calculate areal rainfall for different scales. Ordinary kriging and indicator kriging are applied for interpolation of the point data with the latter considering uncertain rainfall observation by cars e.g. according to a discrete number of windscreen wiper operation classes. The results are compared with the values from the radar observations. The study is carried out for the 3300 km<sup>2</sup> Bode river basin located in the Harz Mountains in Northern Germany. The results show, that the idea is theoretically feasible and motivate practical experiments. Only a small portion of the cars needed to be equipped with sensors for sufficient areal rainfall estimation. Regarding the required sensitivity of the potential rain sensors in cars it could be shown, that often a few classes for rainfall observation are enough for satisfactory areal rainfall estimation. The findings of the study suggest also a revisiting of the rain gauge network optimisation problem.http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/14/1139/2010/hess-14-1139-2010.pdf |
| spellingShingle | U. Haberlandt M. Sester Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study |
| title_full | Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study |
| title_fullStr | Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study |
| title_short | Areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges – a modelling study |
| title_sort | areal rainfall estimation using moving cars as rain gauges a modelling study |
| url | http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/14/1139/2010/hess-14-1139-2010.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT uhaberlandt arealrainfallestimationusingmovingcarsasraingaugesamodellingstudy AT msester arealrainfallestimationusingmovingcarsasraingaugesamodellingstudy |