Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is one of the most popular spices worldwide, known since ancient times, and used both as a spice and a medicinal plant. The phenolic compounds found in ginger are predominantly gingerols, shogaols, and paradols. Gingerols are...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.902551/full |
| _version_ | 1828144171012063232 |
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| author | Çiğdem Yücel Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak Özlem Bahadır Açıkara Esra Küpeli Akkol Timur Hakan Barak Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez Michael Aschner Samira Shirooie |
| author_facet | Çiğdem Yücel Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak Özlem Bahadır Açıkara Esra Küpeli Akkol Timur Hakan Barak Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez Michael Aschner Samira Shirooie |
| author_sort | Çiğdem Yücel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is one of the most popular spices worldwide, known since ancient times, and used both as a spice and a medicinal plant. The phenolic compounds found in ginger are predominantly gingerols, shogaols, and paradols. Gingerols are the major phenolic compounds found in fresh ginger and contain mainly 6-gingerol as well as 4-, 5-, 8-, 10-, and 12-gingerols. Gingerols possess a wide array of bioactivities, such as antioxidant and anticancer, among others. Regarding the different array of biological activities and published data on the mechanisms underlying its action, the complex interaction between three key events, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunity, appears to contribute to a plethora of pharmacological activities of this compound. Among these, the immunomodulatory properties of these compounds, which attract attention due to their effects on the immune system, have been the focus of many studies. Gingerols can alleviate inflammation given their ability to inhibit the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, causing a decrease in proinflammatory and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, given their low bioavailability, it is necessary to develop new and more effective strategies for treatment with gingerols. In order to overcome this problem, recent studies have addressed new drug delivery systems containing gingerols. In this review, the immunomodulatory activities of gingerol and its underlying mechanisms of action combined with the contributions of developed nanodrug delivery systems to this activity will be examined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:10:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af8d10d73eae4cefac2d8d72cf6afd61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:10:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-af8d10d73eae4cefac2d8d72cf6afd612022-12-22T04:05:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122022-09-011310.3389/fphar.2022.902551902551Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulationsÇiğdem Yücel0Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak1Özlem Bahadır Açıkara2Esra Küpeli Akkol3Timur Hakan Barak4Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez5Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez6Michael Aschner7Samira Shirooie8Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainInstituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, ChileDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Park Avenue Bronx, NY, United StatesPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranGinger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, is one of the most popular spices worldwide, known since ancient times, and used both as a spice and a medicinal plant. The phenolic compounds found in ginger are predominantly gingerols, shogaols, and paradols. Gingerols are the major phenolic compounds found in fresh ginger and contain mainly 6-gingerol as well as 4-, 5-, 8-, 10-, and 12-gingerols. Gingerols possess a wide array of bioactivities, such as antioxidant and anticancer, among others. Regarding the different array of biological activities and published data on the mechanisms underlying its action, the complex interaction between three key events, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and immunity, appears to contribute to a plethora of pharmacological activities of this compound. Among these, the immunomodulatory properties of these compounds, which attract attention due to their effects on the immune system, have been the focus of many studies. Gingerols can alleviate inflammation given their ability to inhibit the activation of protein kinase B (Akt) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, causing a decrease in proinflammatory and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, given their low bioavailability, it is necessary to develop new and more effective strategies for treatment with gingerols. In order to overcome this problem, recent studies have addressed new drug delivery systems containing gingerols. In this review, the immunomodulatory activities of gingerol and its underlying mechanisms of action combined with the contributions of developed nanodrug delivery systems to this activity will be examined.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.902551/fullcytokineimmunomodulatorygingergingerolZingiber officinale |
| spellingShingle | Çiğdem Yücel Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak Özlem Bahadır Açıkara Esra Küpeli Akkol Timur Hakan Barak Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez Michael Aschner Samira Shirooie Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations Frontiers in Pharmacology cytokine immunomodulatory ginger gingerol Zingiber officinale |
| title | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory and anti inflammatory therapeutic potential of gingerols and their nanoformulations |
| topic | cytokine immunomodulatory ginger gingerol Zingiber officinale |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.902551/full |
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