High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids
In this paper we show a novel design of high Q-factor silicon nitride (SiN) 1D photonic crystal (PhC) cavities side-coupled to curved waveguides, operating with both silica and air cladding. The engineering of the etched 1D PhC cavity sidewalls angle allows for high Q-factors over a wide range of up...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Nanophotonics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0245 |
| _version_ | 1826963983746203648 |
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| author | Iadanza Simone Mendoza-Castro Jesus Hernan Oliveira Taynara Butler Sharon M. Tedesco Alessio Giannino Giuseppe Lendl Bernhard Grande Marco O’Faolain Liam |
| author_facet | Iadanza Simone Mendoza-Castro Jesus Hernan Oliveira Taynara Butler Sharon M. Tedesco Alessio Giannino Giuseppe Lendl Bernhard Grande Marco O’Faolain Liam |
| author_sort | Iadanza Simone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper we show a novel design of high Q-factor silicon nitride (SiN) 1D photonic crystal (PhC) cavities side-coupled to curved waveguides, operating with both silica and air cladding. The engineering of the etched 1D PhC cavity sidewalls angle allows for high Q-factors over a wide range of upper cladding compositions, and the achievement of the highest calculated Q-factor for non-suspended asymmetric SiN PhC structures. We show the employment of these type of SiN PhC cavities in hybrid external cavity laser (HECL) configuration, with mode-hop free single mode laser operation over a broad range of injected currents (from 25 mA to 65 mA), milliwatts of power output (up to 9 mW) and side-mode suppression ratios in the range of 40 dB. We demonstrate the operation of these devices as compact and energy efficient optical sensors that respond to refractive index changes in the surrounding medium the measurement of sodium chloride (from 0% to 25%) and sucrose (from 0% to 25%) in aqueous solution. In HECL configuration, the RI sensor exhibits a 2 orders of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to the passive microcavity. We also discuss the possibility for applying these devices as novel transducers for refractive index changes that are induced by analyte specific absorption of infrared radiation by the target analytes present in gas or liquid phase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:34:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af8d8e4055ae4c82bef6ccf879707331 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2192-8614 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-02-18T02:48:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanophotonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-af8d8e4055ae4c82bef6ccf8797073312024-11-25T11:19:07ZengDe GruyterNanophotonics2192-86142022-08-0111184183419610.1515/nanoph-2022-0245High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquidsIadanza Simone0Mendoza-Castro Jesus Hernan1Oliveira Taynara2Butler Sharon M.3Tedesco Alessio4Giannino Giuseppe5Lendl Bernhard6Grande Marco7O’Faolain Liam8Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, IrelandDEI, Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 126/b, Bari, ItalyTyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, IrelandTyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, IrelandDEI, Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 126/b, Bari, ItalyDEI, Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 126/b, Bari, ItalyTUW, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060Vienna, AustriaDEI, Politecnico di Bari, Via Amendola 126/b, Bari, ItalyTyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, IrelandIn this paper we show a novel design of high Q-factor silicon nitride (SiN) 1D photonic crystal (PhC) cavities side-coupled to curved waveguides, operating with both silica and air cladding. The engineering of the etched 1D PhC cavity sidewalls angle allows for high Q-factors over a wide range of upper cladding compositions, and the achievement of the highest calculated Q-factor for non-suspended asymmetric SiN PhC structures. We show the employment of these type of SiN PhC cavities in hybrid external cavity laser (HECL) configuration, with mode-hop free single mode laser operation over a broad range of injected currents (from 25 mA to 65 mA), milliwatts of power output (up to 9 mW) and side-mode suppression ratios in the range of 40 dB. We demonstrate the operation of these devices as compact and energy efficient optical sensors that respond to refractive index changes in the surrounding medium the measurement of sodium chloride (from 0% to 25%) and sucrose (from 0% to 25%) in aqueous solution. In HECL configuration, the RI sensor exhibits a 2 orders of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to the passive microcavity. We also discuss the possibility for applying these devices as novel transducers for refractive index changes that are induced by analyte specific absorption of infrared radiation by the target analytes present in gas or liquid phase.https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0245integrated sensorslasernanophotonicsphotonic crystalsrefractive index sensingsilicon photonics |
| spellingShingle | Iadanza Simone Mendoza-Castro Jesus Hernan Oliveira Taynara Butler Sharon M. Tedesco Alessio Giannino Giuseppe Lendl Bernhard Grande Marco O’Faolain Liam High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids Nanophotonics integrated sensors laser nanophotonics photonic crystals refractive index sensing silicon photonics |
| title | High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids |
| title_full | High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids |
| title_fullStr | High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids |
| title_short | High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids |
| title_sort | high q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1d photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids |
| topic | integrated sensors laser nanophotonics photonic crystals refractive index sensing silicon photonics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0245 |
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