Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most comm...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/15/3239 |
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| author | Miguel A. Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martínez Cielo García-Montero Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon Chen Chaowen Fernando Ruiz-Grande Leonel Pekarek Jorge Monserrat Angel Asúnsolo Natalio García-Honduvilla Melchor Álvarez-Mon Julia Bujan |
| author_facet | Miguel A. Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martínez Cielo García-Montero Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon Chen Chaowen Fernando Ruiz-Grande Leonel Pekarek Jorge Monserrat Angel Asúnsolo Natalio García-Honduvilla Melchor Álvarez-Mon Julia Bujan |
| author_sort | Miguel A. Ortega |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:14:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af9418f20fd4486990b63d3a59befd58 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:14:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-af9418f20fd4486990b63d3a59befd582023-11-22T05:47:51ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-07-011015323910.3390/jcm10153239Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical ManagementMiguel A. Ortega0Oscar Fraile-Martínez1Cielo García-Montero2Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon3Chen Chaowen4Fernando Ruiz-Grande5Leonel Pekarek6Jorge Monserrat7Angel Asúnsolo8Natalio García-Honduvilla9Melchor Álvarez-Mon10Julia Bujan11Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainRamón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainChronic venous disease (CVD) is a multifactorial condition affecting an important percentage of the global population. It ranges from mild clinical signs, such as telangiectasias or reticular veins, to severe manifestations, such as venous ulcerations. However, varicose veins (VVs) are the most common manifestation of CVD. The explicit mechanisms of the disease are not well-understood. It seems that genetics and a plethora of environmental agents play an important role in the development and progression of CVD. The exposure to these factors leads to altered hemodynamics of the venous system, described as ambulatory venous hypertension, therefore promoting microcirculatory changes, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, venous wall remodeling, and epigenetic variations, even with important systemic implications. Thus, a proper clinical management of patients with CVD is essential to prevent potential harms of the disease, which also entails a significant loss of the quality of life in these individuals. Hence, the aim of the present review is to collect the current knowledge of CVD, including its epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors, but emphasizing the pathophysiology and medical care of these patients, including clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatments. Furthermore, future directions will also be covered in this work in order to provide potential fields to explore in the context of CVD.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/15/3239chronic venous disease (CVD)varicose veinsvenous pathophysiologyvascular therapiesvenous hypertension |
| spellingShingle | Miguel A. Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martínez Cielo García-Montero Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon Chen Chaowen Fernando Ruiz-Grande Leonel Pekarek Jorge Monserrat Angel Asúnsolo Natalio García-Honduvilla Melchor Álvarez-Mon Julia Bujan Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management Journal of Clinical Medicine chronic venous disease (CVD) varicose veins venous pathophysiology vascular therapies venous hypertension |
| title | Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management |
| title_full | Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management |
| title_fullStr | Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management |
| title_short | Understanding Chronic Venous Disease: A Critical Overview of Its Pathophysiology and Medical Management |
| title_sort | understanding chronic venous disease a critical overview of its pathophysiology and medical management |
| topic | chronic venous disease (CVD) varicose veins venous pathophysiology vascular therapies venous hypertension |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/15/3239 |
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