Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics
Background: The treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Advanced Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123221000151 |
| _version_ | 1818663363036577792 |
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| author | Juan Chen Huyue Zhou Jingbin Huang Rong Zhang Xiancai Rao |
| author_facet | Juan Chen Huyue Zhou Jingbin Huang Rong Zhang Xiancai Rao |
| author_sort | Juan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics due to drug pharmacokinetics, diffusion barriers, waste emission, resistant organism formation, and farming application. Different categories of antibiotics at sub-MICs have diverse effects on the physiological and chemical properties of microorganisms. These effects can result in virulence alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of antibiotics at sub-MICs on S. aureus virulence are obscure. Aim of review: In this review, we focus on the effects of sub-MICs of antibiotics on S. aureus virulence from the aspects of cell morphological change, virulence factor expression, bacterial adherence and invasion, staphylococcal biofilm formation, and small-colony variant (SCV) production. The possible mechanisms of antibiotic-induced S. aureus virulence alterations are also addressed. Key scientific concepts of review: Five main aspects of bacterial virulence can be changed in S. aureus exposure to the sub-MIC levels of antibiotics, resulting in deformed bacterial cells to stimulate abnormal host immune responses, abnormally expressed virulence factors to alter disease development, changed bacterial adhesion and invasion abilities to affect colonization and diffusion, altered biofilm formation to potentate material-related infections, and increased SCV formation to achieve persistent infection and recurrence. These advanced findings expand our knowledge to rethink the molecular signaling roles of antibiotics beyond their actions as antimicrobial agents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:15:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af97870a8d274f1b908dfc9a10a763ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2090-1232 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T05:15:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Advanced Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-af97870a8d274f1b908dfc9a10a763ef2022-12-21T22:02:07ZengElsevierJournal of Advanced Research2090-12322021-07-0131165175Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibioticsJuan Chen0Huyue Zhou1Jingbin Huang2Rong Zhang3Xiancai Rao4Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR ChinaDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China; Corresponding authors.Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, PR China; Corresponding authors.Background: The treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics due to drug pharmacokinetics, diffusion barriers, waste emission, resistant organism formation, and farming application. Different categories of antibiotics at sub-MICs have diverse effects on the physiological and chemical properties of microorganisms. These effects can result in virulence alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of antibiotics at sub-MICs on S. aureus virulence are obscure. Aim of review: In this review, we focus on the effects of sub-MICs of antibiotics on S. aureus virulence from the aspects of cell morphological change, virulence factor expression, bacterial adherence and invasion, staphylococcal biofilm formation, and small-colony variant (SCV) production. The possible mechanisms of antibiotic-induced S. aureus virulence alterations are also addressed. Key scientific concepts of review: Five main aspects of bacterial virulence can be changed in S. aureus exposure to the sub-MIC levels of antibiotics, resulting in deformed bacterial cells to stimulate abnormal host immune responses, abnormally expressed virulence factors to alter disease development, changed bacterial adhesion and invasion abilities to affect colonization and diffusion, altered biofilm formation to potentate material-related infections, and increased SCV formation to achieve persistent infection and recurrence. These advanced findings expand our knowledge to rethink the molecular signaling roles of antibiotics beyond their actions as antimicrobial agents.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123221000151Staphylococcus aureusVirulenceSub-MICsAntibiotics |
| spellingShingle | Juan Chen Huyue Zhou Jingbin Huang Rong Zhang Xiancai Rao Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics Journal of Advanced Research Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Sub-MICs Antibiotics |
| title | Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics |
| title_full | Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics |
| title_fullStr | Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics |
| title_short | Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics |
| title_sort | virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics |
| topic | Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Sub-MICs Antibiotics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123221000151 |
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