Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia
The dynamics of human electroencephalography (EEG) have been proved to be related to cognitive activities. This study separately assessed the two EEG components, amplitude and rhythm, aiming to capture their individual contributions to cognitive functions. We extracted the local peaks of EEGs under...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2015-01-01
|
| Series: | Entropy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/2/560 |
| _version_ | 1797999490682060800 |
|---|---|
| author | Pei-Feng Lin Jenho Tsao Men-Tzung Lo Chen Lin Yi-Chung Chang |
| author_facet | Pei-Feng Lin Jenho Tsao Men-Tzung Lo Chen Lin Yi-Chung Chang |
| author_sort | Pei-Feng Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dynamics of human electroencephalography (EEG) have been proved to be related to cognitive activities. This study separately assessed the two EEG components, amplitude and rhythm, aiming to capture their individual contributions to cognitive functions. We extracted the local peaks of EEGs under rest or photic stimulation and calculated the symbolic dynamics of their voltages (amplitude) and interpeak intervals (instantaneous frequency), individually. The sample consisted of 89 geriatric outpatients in three patient groups: 38 fresh cases of vascular dementia (VD), 22 fresh cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 29 controls. Both sample entropy and number of forbidden words revealed significantly less regular symbolic dynamics in the whole EEG tracings of the VD than the AD and control groups. We found consistent results between groups with the symbolic dynamics in the local-peak voltage sequence rather than the interpeak interval sequence. Photic stimulation amplified the differences between groups. These results suggest that the EEG dynamics which relates to either cognitive functions or the underlying pathologies of dementia are embedded within the dynamics of the amount of but not the interval between each synchronized firing of adjacent cerebral neurons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:05:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-af9ac93376494934ae69a91b40fad412 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:05:32Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-af9ac93376494934ae69a91b40fad4122022-12-22T04:28:21ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002015-01-0117256057910.3390/e17020560e17020560Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in DementiaPei-Feng Lin0Jenho Tsao1Men-Tzung Lo2Chen Lin3Yi-Chung Chang4Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanResearch Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Jongli 32001, TaiwanResearch Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Jongli 32001, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanThe dynamics of human electroencephalography (EEG) have been proved to be related to cognitive activities. This study separately assessed the two EEG components, amplitude and rhythm, aiming to capture their individual contributions to cognitive functions. We extracted the local peaks of EEGs under rest or photic stimulation and calculated the symbolic dynamics of their voltages (amplitude) and interpeak intervals (instantaneous frequency), individually. The sample consisted of 89 geriatric outpatients in three patient groups: 38 fresh cases of vascular dementia (VD), 22 fresh cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 29 controls. Both sample entropy and number of forbidden words revealed significantly less regular symbolic dynamics in the whole EEG tracings of the VD than the AD and control groups. We found consistent results between groups with the symbolic dynamics in the local-peak voltage sequence rather than the interpeak interval sequence. Photic stimulation amplified the differences between groups. These results suggest that the EEG dynamics which relates to either cognitive functions or the underlying pathologies of dementia are embedded within the dynamics of the amount of but not the interval between each synchronized firing of adjacent cerebral neurons.http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/2/560symbolic dynamicsEEG amplitudephotic stimulationvascular dementiaAlzheimer’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Pei-Feng Lin Jenho Tsao Men-Tzung Lo Chen Lin Yi-Chung Chang Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia Entropy symbolic dynamics EEG amplitude photic stimulation vascular dementia Alzheimer’s disease |
| title | Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia |
| title_full | Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia |
| title_fullStr | Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia |
| title_short | Symbolic Entropy of the Amplitude rather than the Instantaneous Frequency of EEG Varies in Dementia |
| title_sort | symbolic entropy of the amplitude rather than the instantaneous frequency of eeg varies in dementia |
| topic | symbolic dynamics EEG amplitude photic stimulation vascular dementia Alzheimer’s disease |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/17/2/560 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT peifenglin symbolicentropyoftheamplituderatherthantheinstantaneousfrequencyofeegvariesindementia AT jenhotsao symbolicentropyoftheamplituderatherthantheinstantaneousfrequencyofeegvariesindementia AT mentzunglo symbolicentropyoftheamplituderatherthantheinstantaneousfrequencyofeegvariesindementia AT chenlin symbolicentropyoftheamplituderatherthantheinstantaneousfrequencyofeegvariesindementia AT yichungchang symbolicentropyoftheamplituderatherthantheinstantaneousfrequencyofeegvariesindementia |