Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent
The quality and quantity of nut production are fundamental to the economic viability of chestnut cultivation, yet recent reports indicate that severe damage due to moulds represents a significant problem for growers. We carried out an investigation of the agents of chestnut rot and internal fruit da...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)
2013-10-01
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| Series: | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor0952-006 |
| _version_ | 1811300833732591616 |
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| author | Maresi G Oliveira Longa CM Turchetti T |
| author_facet | Maresi G Oliveira Longa CM Turchetti T |
| author_sort | Maresi G |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The quality and quantity of nut production are fundamental to the economic viability of chestnut cultivation, yet recent reports indicate that severe damage due to moulds represents a significant problem for growers. We carried out an investigation of the agents of chestnut rot and internal fruit damage in three orchards in Italy. Black and brown rot, as well as insect damage, were found in all the areas examined. Brown rot appeared to be the main cause of damage, affecting 8% to 49% and 2% to 24% of nuts collected from the ground and from burrs, respectively. With respect to morphology and DNA sequencing analyses, fungal isolates obtained from brown rot were homologous with Gnomoniopsis sp. obtained from Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Yasumatsu) galls and with Gnomoniopsis castanea and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi described on chestnut in Italy and Australia, respectively. The same fungus was also isolated from the bark of one- and two-years-old healthy shoots at each site, supporting the endophytic behaviour of this rot agent. Brown rot symptoms on nuts associated with Gnomoniopsis sp. corresponded with those previously described by several authors and referred to as Phoma or Phomopsis endogena, suggesting a relationship between these fungi and Gnomoniopsis sp. It is to notice that the escalation of brown rot damage in Italy followed several periods of drought and probably the recent invasion of D. kuriphilus, both stress factors for chestnut trees. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:58:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afa0b865fc73412e9db9599011c325e2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1971-7458 1971-7458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:58:02Z |
| publishDate | 2013-10-01 |
| publisher | Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry |
| spelling | doaj.art-afa0b865fc73412e9db9599011c325e22022-12-22T02:57:12ZengItalian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology (SISEF)iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry1971-74581971-74582013-10-016129430110.3832/ifor0952-006952Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agentMaresi G0Oliveira Longa CM1Turchetti T2FEM-IASMA - Centre for Technology Transfer, v. E. Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN - Italy)FEM-IASMA - Research and Innovation Centre, Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources Department, v. E. Mach 1, I-38010 San Michele all’Adige (TN - Italy)Institute of Plant Protection (IPP-CNR), v. Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI - Italy)The quality and quantity of nut production are fundamental to the economic viability of chestnut cultivation, yet recent reports indicate that severe damage due to moulds represents a significant problem for growers. We carried out an investigation of the agents of chestnut rot and internal fruit damage in three orchards in Italy. Black and brown rot, as well as insect damage, were found in all the areas examined. Brown rot appeared to be the main cause of damage, affecting 8% to 49% and 2% to 24% of nuts collected from the ground and from burrs, respectively. With respect to morphology and DNA sequencing analyses, fungal isolates obtained from brown rot were homologous with Gnomoniopsis sp. obtained from Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Yasumatsu) galls and with Gnomoniopsis castanea and Gnomoniopsis smithogilvyi described on chestnut in Italy and Australia, respectively. The same fungus was also isolated from the bark of one- and two-years-old healthy shoots at each site, supporting the endophytic behaviour of this rot agent. Brown rot symptoms on nuts associated with Gnomoniopsis sp. corresponded with those previously described by several authors and referred to as Phoma or Phomopsis endogena, suggesting a relationship between these fungi and Gnomoniopsis sp. It is to notice that the escalation of brown rot damage in Italy followed several periods of drought and probably the recent invasion of D. kuriphilus, both stress factors for chestnut trees.https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor0952-006Nut mouldGnomoniopsis sp.endophytism |
| spellingShingle | Maresi G Oliveira Longa CM Turchetti T Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry Nut mould Gnomoniopsis sp. endophytism |
| title | Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent |
| title_full | Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent |
| title_fullStr | Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent |
| title_short | Brown rot on nuts of Castanea sativa Mill: an emerging disease and its causal agent |
| title_sort | brown rot on nuts of castanea sativa mill an emerging disease and its causal agent |
| topic | Nut mould Gnomoniopsis sp. endophytism |
| url | https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor0952-006 |
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