Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review
Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic inflammatory disease, destroying the tissues supporting the teeth. There are three distinct stages in periodontitis: infection, inflammation, and tissue destruction, where each stage has its own characteristics and hence its line of treatment. Illuminat...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Khadiga M. Sadek Sara El Moshy Israa Ahmed Radwan Dina Rady Marwa M. S. Abbass Aiah A. El-Rashidy Christof E. Dörfer Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed |
| author_facet | Khadiga M. Sadek Sara El Moshy Israa Ahmed Radwan Dina Rady Marwa M. S. Abbass Aiah A. El-Rashidy Christof E. Dörfer Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed |
| author_sort | Khadiga M. Sadek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Periodontitis is the sixth most common chronic inflammatory disease, destroying the tissues supporting the teeth. There are three distinct stages in periodontitis: infection, inflammation, and tissue destruction, where each stage has its own characteristics and hence its line of treatment. Illuminating the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss is vital in the treatment of periodontitis to allow for subsequent reconstruction of the periodontium. Bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow stromal cells, classically were thought to control bone destruction in periodontitis. Lately, osteocytes were found to assist in inflammation-related bone remodeling besides being able to initiate physiological bone remodeling. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) either transplanted or homed exhibit highly immunosuppressive properties, such as preventing monocytes/hematopoietic precursor differentiation and downregulating excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. In the early stages of bone regeneration, an acute inflammatory response is critical for the recruitment of MSCs, controlling their migration, and their differentiation. Later during bone remodeling, the interaction and balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines could regulate MSC properties, resulting in either bone formation or bone resorption. This narrative review elaborates on the important interactions between inflammatory stimuli during periodontal diseases, bone cells, MSCs, and subsequent bone regeneration or bone resorption. Understanding these concepts will open up new possibilities for promoting bone regeneration and hindering bone loss caused by periodontal diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:22:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-afa39f807a7e4fcb84f7b18471c38e59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:22:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-afa39f807a7e4fcb84f7b18471c38e592023-11-17T07:50:44ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01245459910.3390/ijms24054599Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise ReviewKhadiga M. Sadek0Sara El Moshy1Israa Ahmed Radwan2Dina Rady3Marwa M. S. Abbass4Aiah A. El-Rashidy5Christof E. Dörfer6Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed7Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptStem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptStem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptStem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptStem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptBiomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptClinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24118 Kiel, GermanyStem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, EgyptPeriodontitis is the sixth most common chronic inflammatory disease, destroying the tissues supporting the teeth. There are three distinct stages in periodontitis: infection, inflammation, and tissue destruction, where each stage has its own characteristics and hence its line of treatment. Illuminating the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss is vital in the treatment of periodontitis to allow for subsequent reconstruction of the periodontium. Bone cells, including osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow stromal cells, classically were thought to control bone destruction in periodontitis. Lately, osteocytes were found to assist in inflammation-related bone remodeling besides being able to initiate physiological bone remodeling. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) either transplanted or homed exhibit highly immunosuppressive properties, such as preventing monocytes/hematopoietic precursor differentiation and downregulating excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. In the early stages of bone regeneration, an acute inflammatory response is critical for the recruitment of MSCs, controlling their migration, and their differentiation. Later during bone remodeling, the interaction and balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines could regulate MSC properties, resulting in either bone formation or bone resorption. This narrative review elaborates on the important interactions between inflammatory stimuli during periodontal diseases, bone cells, MSCs, and subsequent bone regeneration or bone resorption. Understanding these concepts will open up new possibilities for promoting bone regeneration and hindering bone loss caused by periodontal diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4599inflammationosteocytesmesenchymal stem cellbone regenerationbone resorption |
| spellingShingle | Khadiga M. Sadek Sara El Moshy Israa Ahmed Radwan Dina Rady Marwa M. S. Abbass Aiah A. El-Rashidy Christof E. Dörfer Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences inflammation osteocytes mesenchymal stem cell bone regeneration bone resorption |
| title | Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review |
| title_full | Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review |
| title_short | Molecular Basis beyond Interrelated Bone Resorption/Regeneration in Periodontal Diseases: A Concise Review |
| title_sort | molecular basis beyond interrelated bone resorption regeneration in periodontal diseases a concise review |
| topic | inflammation osteocytes mesenchymal stem cell bone regeneration bone resorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/5/4599 |
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