Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. In the past 10 years, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to identify the common asthma genetic variants. Importantly, these publicly available asthma GWAS datasets provide important data support to investigate the causal associat...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.716364/full |
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| author | Yunxia Li Wenhao Chen Shiyao Tian Shuyue Xia Biao Yang |
| author_facet | Yunxia Li Wenhao Chen Shiyao Tian Shuyue Xia Biao Yang |
| author_sort | Yunxia Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. In the past 10 years, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to identify the common asthma genetic variants. Importantly, these publicly available asthma GWAS datasets provide important data support to investigate the causal association of kinds of risk factors with asthma by a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. It is known that socioeconomic status is associated with asthma. However, it remains unclear about the causal association between socioeconomic status and asthma. Here, we selected 162 independent educational attainment genetic variants as the potential instruments to evaluate the causal association between educational attainment and asthma using large-scale GWAS datasets of educational attainment (n = 405,072) and asthma (n = 30,810). We conducted a pleiotropy analysis using the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. We performed an MR analysis using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. The main analysis method inverse-variance weighted indicated that each 1 standard deviation increase in educational attainment (3.6 years) could reduce 35% asthma risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.85, P = 0.001]. Importantly, evidence from other MR methods further supported this finding, including weighted median (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.80, P = 0.001), MR-Egger (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.16–1.46, P = 0.198), and MR-PRESSO (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.85, P = 0.0015). Meanwhile, we provide evidence to support that educational attainment protects against asthma risk dependently on cognitive performance using multivariable MR analysis. In summary, we highlight the protective role of educational attainment against asthma. Our findings may have public health applications and deserve further investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:59:14Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:59:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-afa65f3df63b4d62b6c1967f542441df2022-12-21T18:52:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212021-08-011210.3389/fgene.2021.716364716364Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization DesignYunxia Li0Wenhao Chen1Shiyao Tian2Shuyue Xia3Biao Yang4Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogen Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, ChinaAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. In the past 10 years, genome-wide association study (GWAS) has been widely used to identify the common asthma genetic variants. Importantly, these publicly available asthma GWAS datasets provide important data support to investigate the causal association of kinds of risk factors with asthma by a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. It is known that socioeconomic status is associated with asthma. However, it remains unclear about the causal association between socioeconomic status and asthma. Here, we selected 162 independent educational attainment genetic variants as the potential instruments to evaluate the causal association between educational attainment and asthma using large-scale GWAS datasets of educational attainment (n = 405,072) and asthma (n = 30,810). We conducted a pleiotropy analysis using the MR-Egger intercept test and the MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. We performed an MR analysis using inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. The main analysis method inverse-variance weighted indicated that each 1 standard deviation increase in educational attainment (3.6 years) could reduce 35% asthma risk [odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–0.85, P = 0.001]. Importantly, evidence from other MR methods further supported this finding, including weighted median (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38–0.80, P = 0.001), MR-Egger (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.16–1.46, P = 0.198), and MR-PRESSO (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.85, P = 0.0015). Meanwhile, we provide evidence to support that educational attainment protects against asthma risk dependently on cognitive performance using multivariable MR analysis. In summary, we highlight the protective role of educational attainment against asthma. Our findings may have public health applications and deserve further investigation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.716364/fullasthmaeducational attainmentgenome-wide association studyMendelian randomizationinverse-variance weighted |
| spellingShingle | Yunxia Li Wenhao Chen Shiyao Tian Shuyue Xia Biao Yang Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design Frontiers in Genetics asthma educational attainment genome-wide association study Mendelian randomization inverse-variance weighted |
| title | Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design |
| title_full | Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design |
| title_short | Evaluating the Causal Association Between Educational Attainment and Asthma Using a Mendelian Randomization Design |
| title_sort | evaluating the causal association between educational attainment and asthma using a mendelian randomization design |
| topic | asthma educational attainment genome-wide association study Mendelian randomization inverse-variance weighted |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.716364/full |
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