Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations
In recent years, the quality of aquatic ecosystems has received increasing attention from European institutions. The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/840 drafted a Watch List (WL) of compounds to be monitored in Europe. In this study, we report a method based on solid phase extraction with...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Pollutants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/1/4/17 |
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| author | Salvatore Barreca Maddalena Busetto Carola Forni Luisa Colzani Laura Clerici Daniela Daverio Stefania Balzamo Elisa Calabretta Massimo Peleggi Pierluisa Dellavedova |
| author_facet | Salvatore Barreca Maddalena Busetto Carola Forni Luisa Colzani Laura Clerici Daniela Daverio Stefania Balzamo Elisa Calabretta Massimo Peleggi Pierluisa Dellavedova |
| author_sort | Salvatore Barreca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the quality of aquatic ecosystems has received increasing attention from European institutions. The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/840 drafted a Watch List (WL) of compounds to be monitored in Europe. In this study, we report a method based on solid phase extraction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) to analyze the whole water sample. The method was developed and validated for the determination of 12 listed compounds. The employment of solid-phase extraction by a horizon system ensures the analysis of the entire body of samples and minimizes sample manipulation. Different ng L<sup>−1</sup> detection limits (from 2 to 50 ng L<sup>−1</sup>), linearities (from 2 to 500 ng L<sup>−1</sup>), accuracy (from 70 to 130%) and levels of precision (RSD less 20% at LOQs levels) were assessed to be satisfactory for quantification and confirmation at the levels of interest. The developed method was applied for quantitative analysis for Watch List compounds (with the exception of hormones) in surface water samples from different Italian sites during monitoring activities by the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies in the years 2019 and 2020. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afa74083417540f086ee8849c5ce9a2f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4672 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pollutants |
| spelling | doaj.art-afa74083417540f086ee8849c5ce9a2f2023-11-23T10:13:54ZengMDPI AGPollutants2673-46722021-10-011420721610.3390/pollutants1040017Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and EvaluationsSalvatore Barreca0Maddalena Busetto1Carola Forni2Luisa Colzani3Laura Clerici4Daniela Daverio5Stefania Balzamo6Elisa Calabretta7Massimo Peleggi8Pierluisa Dellavedova9Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyIstituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, ItalyIstituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, ItalyIstituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via V. Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, ItalyAgenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente della Lombardia (ARPA Lombardia), Settore Laboratori, sede di Via Rosellini 17, 20124 Milano, ItalyIn recent years, the quality of aquatic ecosystems has received increasing attention from European institutions. The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/840 drafted a Watch List (WL) of compounds to be monitored in Europe. In this study, we report a method based on solid phase extraction with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) to analyze the whole water sample. The method was developed and validated for the determination of 12 listed compounds. The employment of solid-phase extraction by a horizon system ensures the analysis of the entire body of samples and minimizes sample manipulation. Different ng L<sup>−1</sup> detection limits (from 2 to 50 ng L<sup>−1</sup>), linearities (from 2 to 500 ng L<sup>−1</sup>), accuracy (from 70 to 130%) and levels of precision (RSD less 20% at LOQs levels) were assessed to be satisfactory for quantification and confirmation at the levels of interest. The developed method was applied for quantitative analysis for Watch List compounds (with the exception of hormones) in surface water samples from different Italian sites during monitoring activities by the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies in the years 2019 and 2020.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/1/4/17EU watch listultra-high-performance liquid chromatographyantibiotic determinationamoxicillin |
| spellingShingle | Salvatore Barreca Maddalena Busetto Carola Forni Luisa Colzani Laura Clerici Daniela Daverio Stefania Balzamo Elisa Calabretta Massimo Peleggi Pierluisa Dellavedova Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations Pollutants EU watch list ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography antibiotic determination amoxicillin |
| title | Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations |
| title_full | Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations |
| title_short | Determination of Antibiotics, Pesticides, Herbicides, Fungicides and Hormones in Water Bodies in Italy in Occurrence with European Watch List Mechanism by Using an UHPLC-MS/MS System: Method Validation, Quantification and Evaluations |
| title_sort | determination of antibiotics pesticides herbicides fungicides and hormones in water bodies in italy in occurrence with european watch list mechanism by using an uhplc ms ms system method validation quantification and evaluations |
| topic | EU watch list ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography antibiotic determination amoxicillin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4672/1/4/17 |
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