Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection
Infection with the roundworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the main cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide. The underlying molecular basis of the various pathological outcomes in permissive and non-permissive hosts infected with A. cantonensis remains poorly defined. In the present study, the h...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03126/full |
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| author | Hongli Zhou Hongli Zhou Hongli Zhou Zhe Chen Zhe Chen Zhe Chen Yanin Limpanont Yue Hu Yue Hu Yue Hu Yubin Ma Yubin Ma Yubin Ma Ping Huang Ping Huang Ping Huang Paron Dekumyoy Minyu Zhou Minyu Zhou Minyu Zhou Yixin Cheng Yixin Cheng Yixin Cheng Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv |
| author_facet | Hongli Zhou Hongli Zhou Hongli Zhou Zhe Chen Zhe Chen Zhe Chen Yanin Limpanont Yue Hu Yue Hu Yue Hu Yubin Ma Yubin Ma Yubin Ma Ping Huang Ping Huang Ping Huang Paron Dekumyoy Minyu Zhou Minyu Zhou Minyu Zhou Yixin Cheng Yixin Cheng Yixin Cheng Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv |
| author_sort | Hongli Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infection with the roundworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the main cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide. The underlying molecular basis of the various pathological outcomes in permissive and non-permissive hosts infected with A. cantonensis remains poorly defined. In the present study, the histology of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected rats was assessed by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) were used in evolutions of the transcription and translation levels of the apoptosis-, necroptosis-, autophagy-, and pyroptosis-related genes. The distribution of apoptotic and necroptotic cells in the rat hippocampus and parenchyma was further detected using flow cytometry, and the features of the ultrastructure of the cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The inflammatory response upon CNS infection with A. cantonensis evolved, as characterized by the accumulation of a small number of inflammatory cells under the thickened meninges, which peaked at 21 days post-infection (dpi) and returned to normal by 35 dpi. The transcription levels and translation of caspase-2, caspase-8, RIP1 and RIP3 increased significantly at 21 and 28 dpi but decreased sharply at 35 dpi compared to those in the normal control group. However, the changes in the expression of caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-11, Beclin-1 and LC3B were not obvious, suggesting that apoptosis and necroptosis but not autophagy or pyroptosis occurred in the brains of infected animals at 21 and 28 dpi. The results of RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, IF, flow cytometry and TEM further illustrated that necroptosis and caspase-2-mediated apoptosis occurred in astrocytes and neurons but not in microglia in the parenchyma and hippocampus of infected animals. This study provides the first evidence that neuronal and astrocytic necroptosis and caspase-2-mediated apoptosis are induced by A. cantonensis infection in the parenchymal and hippocampal regions of rats at 21 and 28 dpi but these processes are negligible at 35 dpi. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of A. cantonensis infection and provide new insights into therapeutic approaches targeting the occurrence of cell death in astrocytes and neurons in infected patients. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:03:26Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-afa7af82307c43259a339ce23e33e3852022-12-21T17:33:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2020-01-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.03126502946Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis InfectionHongli Zhou0Hongli Zhou1Hongli Zhou2Zhe Chen3Zhe Chen4Zhe Chen5Yanin Limpanont6Yue Hu7Yue Hu8Yue Hu9Yubin Ma10Yubin Ma11Yubin Ma12Ping Huang13Ping Huang14Ping Huang15Paron Dekumyoy16Minyu Zhou17Minyu Zhou18Minyu Zhou19Yixin Cheng20Yixin Cheng21Yixin Cheng22Zhiyue Lv23Zhiyue Lv24Zhiyue Lv25Zhiyue Lv26Joint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaFaculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaFaculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaJoint Program of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, ChinaInfection with the roundworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the main cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide. The underlying molecular basis of the various pathological outcomes in permissive and non-permissive hosts infected with A. cantonensis remains poorly defined. In the present study, the histology of neurological disorders in the central nervous system (CNS) of infected rats was assessed by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) were used in evolutions of the transcription and translation levels of the apoptosis-, necroptosis-, autophagy-, and pyroptosis-related genes. The distribution of apoptotic and necroptotic cells in the rat hippocampus and parenchyma was further detected using flow cytometry, and the features of the ultrastructure of the cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The inflammatory response upon CNS infection with A. cantonensis evolved, as characterized by the accumulation of a small number of inflammatory cells under the thickened meninges, which peaked at 21 days post-infection (dpi) and returned to normal by 35 dpi. The transcription levels and translation of caspase-2, caspase-8, RIP1 and RIP3 increased significantly at 21 and 28 dpi but decreased sharply at 35 dpi compared to those in the normal control group. However, the changes in the expression of caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-11, Beclin-1 and LC3B were not obvious, suggesting that apoptosis and necroptosis but not autophagy or pyroptosis occurred in the brains of infected animals at 21 and 28 dpi. The results of RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, IF, flow cytometry and TEM further illustrated that necroptosis and caspase-2-mediated apoptosis occurred in astrocytes and neurons but not in microglia in the parenchyma and hippocampus of infected animals. This study provides the first evidence that neuronal and astrocytic necroptosis and caspase-2-mediated apoptosis are induced by A. cantonensis infection in the parenchymal and hippocampal regions of rats at 21 and 28 dpi but these processes are negligible at 35 dpi. These findings enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of A. cantonensis infection and provide new insights into therapeutic approaches targeting the occurrence of cell death in astrocytes and neurons in infected patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03126/fullAngiostrongylus cantonensisratapoptosisnecroptosiscaspase-2 |
| spellingShingle | Hongli Zhou Hongli Zhou Hongli Zhou Zhe Chen Zhe Chen Zhe Chen Yanin Limpanont Yue Hu Yue Hu Yue Hu Yubin Ma Yubin Ma Yubin Ma Ping Huang Ping Huang Ping Huang Paron Dekumyoy Minyu Zhou Minyu Zhou Minyu Zhou Yixin Cheng Yixin Cheng Yixin Cheng Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Zhiyue Lv Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection Frontiers in Microbiology Angiostrongylus cantonensis rat apoptosis necroptosis caspase-2 |
| title | Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection |
| title_full | Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection |
| title_fullStr | Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection |
| title_short | Necroptosis and Caspase-2-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and Neurons, but Not Microglia, of Rat Hippocampus and Parenchyma Caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection |
| title_sort | necroptosis and caspase 2 mediated apoptosis of astrocytes and neurons but not microglia of rat hippocampus and parenchyma caused by angiostrongylus cantonensis infection |
| topic | Angiostrongylus cantonensis rat apoptosis necroptosis caspase-2 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.03126/full |
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