Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus
The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3033 |
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| author | Hong-Gang Zhang Ya-Qi Zhuo Xiao-Min Zhang Leng Zhang Piao-Yang Xu Han-Rui Tian Shui-Chao Lin Qianyan Zhang Su-Yuan Xie Lan-Sun Zheng |
| author_facet | Hong-Gang Zhang Ya-Qi Zhuo Xiao-Min Zhang Leng Zhang Piao-Yang Xu Han-Rui Tian Shui-Chao Lin Qianyan Zhang Su-Yuan Xie Lan-Sun Zheng |
| author_sort | Hong-Gang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited to ~1250 °C, which is not sufficient to overcome the high energy barriers of some reactions. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature FVP (UT-FVP) apparatus with a controllable operating temperature of up to 2500 °C to synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from a nonaromatic single carbon reactant, i.e., chloroform, at 1350 °C or above. Fullerene C<sub>60</sub> cannot be obtained from CHCl<sub>3</sub> using the traditional FVP apparatus because of the limitation of the reaction temperature. The significant improvements in the UT-FVP apparatus, compared to the traditional FVP apparatus, were the replacement of the quartz tube with a graphite tube and the direct heating of the graphite tube by impedance heating instead of indirect heating of the quartz tube using an electric furnace. Because of the higher temperature range, UT-FVP can not only synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from single carbon nonaromatic reactants but sublimate some high-molecular-weight compounds to synthesize larger curved PAHs in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afab3de2800c4ca8a8e33f95d9f645f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-afab3de2800c4ca8a8e33f95d9f645f02023-11-23T00:42:09ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-11-011111303310.3390/nano11113033Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis ApparatusHong-Gang Zhang0Ya-Qi Zhuo1Xiao-Min Zhang2Leng Zhang3Piao-Yang Xu4Han-Rui Tian5Shui-Chao Lin6Qianyan Zhang7Su-Yuan Xie8Lan-Sun Zheng9State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaThe flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique is useful for preparing curved polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) and caged nanocarbon molecules, such as the well-known corannulene and fullerene C<sub>60</sub>. However, the operating temperature of the traditional FVP apparatus is limited to ~1250 °C, which is not sufficient to overcome the high energy barriers of some reactions. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature FVP (UT-FVP) apparatus with a controllable operating temperature of up to 2500 °C to synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from a nonaromatic single carbon reactant, i.e., chloroform, at 1350 °C or above. Fullerene C<sub>60</sub> cannot be obtained from CHCl<sub>3</sub> using the traditional FVP apparatus because of the limitation of the reaction temperature. The significant improvements in the UT-FVP apparatus, compared to the traditional FVP apparatus, were the replacement of the quartz tube with a graphite tube and the direct heating of the graphite tube by impedance heating instead of indirect heating of the quartz tube using an electric furnace. Because of the higher temperature range, UT-FVP can not only synthesize fullerene C<sub>60</sub> from single carbon nonaromatic reactants but sublimate some high-molecular-weight compounds to synthesize larger curved PAHs in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3033fullerenesflash vacuum pyrolysisnanocarbonpyrolysis apparatus |
| spellingShingle | Hong-Gang Zhang Ya-Qi Zhuo Xiao-Min Zhang Leng Zhang Piao-Yang Xu Han-Rui Tian Shui-Chao Lin Qianyan Zhang Su-Yuan Xie Lan-Sun Zheng Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus Nanomaterials fullerenes flash vacuum pyrolysis nanocarbon pyrolysis apparatus |
| title | Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus |
| title_full | Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus |
| title_short | Synthesis of Fullerenes from a Nonaromatic Chloroform through a Newly Developed Ultrahigh-Temperature Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis Apparatus |
| title_sort | synthesis of fullerenes from a nonaromatic chloroform through a newly developed ultrahigh temperature flash vacuum pyrolysis apparatus |
| topic | fullerenes flash vacuum pyrolysis nanocarbon pyrolysis apparatus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3033 |
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