Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports
Background: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the possibility to capture the lower body motions of players of outdoor team sports. However, various sources of error are present when using IMUs: the definition of the body frames, the soft tissue artefact (STA) and the orientation filter. Method...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9765 |
| _version_ | 1797455326194171904 |
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| author | Haye Kamstra Erik Wilmes Frans C. T. van der Helm |
| author_facet | Haye Kamstra Erik Wilmes Frans C. T. van der Helm |
| author_sort | Haye Kamstra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the possibility to capture the lower body motions of players of outdoor team sports. However, various sources of error are present when using IMUs: the definition of the body frames, the soft tissue artefact (STA) and the orientation filter. Methods to minimize these errors are currently being used without knowing their exact influence on the various sources of errors. The goal of this study was to present a method to quantify each of the sources of error of an IMU separately. Methods: An optoelectronic system was used as a gold standard. Rigid marker clusters (RMCs) were designed to construct a rigid connection between the IMU and four markers. This allowed for the separate quantification of each of the sources of error. Ten subjects performed nine different football-specific movements, varying both in the type of movement, and in movement intensity. Results: The error of the definition of the body frames (11.3–18.7 deg RMSD), the STA (3.8–9.1 deg RMSD) and the error of the orientation filter (3.0–12.7 deg RMSD) were all quantified separately for each body segment. Conclusions: The error sources of IMU-based motion analysis were quantified separately. This allows future studies to quantify and optimize the effects of error reduction techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:52:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afaf9afb9152493abb0bed363257f0b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:52:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-afaf9afb9152493abb0bed363257f0b02023-11-24T17:54:58ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-12-012224976510.3390/s22249765Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in SportsHaye Kamstra0Erik Wilmes1Frans C. T. van der Helm2Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The NetherlandsAmsterdam Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The NetherlandsBiomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The NetherlandsBackground: Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the possibility to capture the lower body motions of players of outdoor team sports. However, various sources of error are present when using IMUs: the definition of the body frames, the soft tissue artefact (STA) and the orientation filter. Methods to minimize these errors are currently being used without knowing their exact influence on the various sources of errors. The goal of this study was to present a method to quantify each of the sources of error of an IMU separately. Methods: An optoelectronic system was used as a gold standard. Rigid marker clusters (RMCs) were designed to construct a rigid connection between the IMU and four markers. This allowed for the separate quantification of each of the sources of error. Ten subjects performed nine different football-specific movements, varying both in the type of movement, and in movement intensity. Results: The error of the definition of the body frames (11.3–18.7 deg RMSD), the STA (3.8–9.1 deg RMSD) and the error of the orientation filter (3.0–12.7 deg RMSD) were all quantified separately for each body segment. Conclusions: The error sources of IMU-based motion analysis were quantified separately. This allows future studies to quantify and optimize the effects of error reduction techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9765inertial measurement unitsoft tissue artefactorientation filtererror quantificationfootball |
| spellingShingle | Haye Kamstra Erik Wilmes Frans C. T. van der Helm Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports Sensors inertial measurement unit soft tissue artefact orientation filter error quantification football |
| title | Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports |
| title_full | Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports |
| title_fullStr | Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports |
| title_short | Quantification of Error Sources with Inertial Measurement Units in Sports |
| title_sort | quantification of error sources with inertial measurement units in sports |
| topic | inertial measurement unit soft tissue artefact orientation filter error quantification football |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/24/9765 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hayekamstra quantificationoferrorsourceswithinertialmeasurementunitsinsports AT erikwilmes quantificationoferrorsourceswithinertialmeasurementunitsinsports AT fransctvanderhelm quantificationoferrorsourceswithinertialmeasurementunitsinsports |