Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces
There is a growing interest in the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, there is still a lack of studies involving the long-term evaluation of the tissue response related to electrode implantation. Here, we investigated biocompatibility, including...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/178 |
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| author | Tianfang Yan Seiji Kameda Katsuyoshi Suzuki Taro Kaiju Masato Inoue Takafumi Suzuki Masayuki Hirata |
| author_facet | Tianfang Yan Seiji Kameda Katsuyoshi Suzuki Taro Kaiju Masato Inoue Takafumi Suzuki Masayuki Hirata |
| author_sort | Tianfang Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a growing interest in the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, there is still a lack of studies involving the long-term evaluation of the tissue response related to electrode implantation. Here, we investigated biocompatibility, including chronic tissue response to subdural electrodes and a fully implantable wireless BMI device. We implanted a half-sized fully implantable device with subdural electrodes in six beagles for 6 months. Histological analysis of the surrounding tissues, including the dural membrane and cortices, was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic implantation. Our results showed no adverse events, including infectious signs, throughout the 6-month implantation period. Thick connective tissue proliferation was found in the surrounding tissues in the epidural space and subcutaneous space. Quantitative measures of subdural reactive tissues showed minimal encapsulation between the electrodes and the underlying cortex. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no significant difference in the cell densities of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia between the implanted sites and contralateral sites. In conclusion, we established a beagle model to evaluate cortical implantable devices. We confirmed that a fully implantable wireless device and subdural electrodes could be stably maintained with sufficient biocompatibility in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:41:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afb64da3ecff41d28bf4059ef87aa2df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:41:57Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-afb64da3ecff41d28bf4059ef87aa2df2023-11-21T02:59:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-12-0121117810.3390/s21010178Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine InterfacesTianfang Yan0Seiji Kameda1Katsuyoshi Suzuki2Taro Kaiju3Masato Inoue4Takafumi Suzuki5Masayuki Hirata6Department of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, JapanOgino Memorial Laboratory, Nihon Kohden Corporation, Tokorozawa 359-0037, JapanCenter for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, JapanCenter for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, JapanCenter for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, JapanDepartment of Neurological Diagnosis and Restoration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, JapanThere is a growing interest in the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in brain–machine interfaces (BMIs). However, there is still a lack of studies involving the long-term evaluation of the tissue response related to electrode implantation. Here, we investigated biocompatibility, including chronic tissue response to subdural electrodes and a fully implantable wireless BMI device. We implanted a half-sized fully implantable device with subdural electrodes in six beagles for 6 months. Histological analysis of the surrounding tissues, including the dural membrane and cortices, was performed to evaluate the effects of chronic implantation. Our results showed no adverse events, including infectious signs, throughout the 6-month implantation period. Thick connective tissue proliferation was found in the surrounding tissues in the epidural space and subcutaneous space. Quantitative measures of subdural reactive tissues showed minimal encapsulation between the electrodes and the underlying cortex. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no significant difference in the cell densities of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia between the implanted sites and contralateral sites. In conclusion, we established a beagle model to evaluate cortical implantable devices. We confirmed that a fully implantable wireless device and subdural electrodes could be stably maintained with sufficient biocompatibility in vivo.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/178chronic tissue reactionsubdural electrodeimplantable devicebrain–machine interfaceanimal model |
| spellingShingle | Tianfang Yan Seiji Kameda Katsuyoshi Suzuki Taro Kaiju Masato Inoue Takafumi Suzuki Masayuki Hirata Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces Sensors chronic tissue reaction subdural electrode implantable device brain–machine interface animal model |
| title | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
| title_full | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
| title_fullStr | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
| title_short | Minimal Tissue Reaction after Chronic Subdural Electrode Implantation for Fully Implantable Brain–Machine Interfaces |
| title_sort | minimal tissue reaction after chronic subdural electrode implantation for fully implantable brain machine interfaces |
| topic | chronic tissue reaction subdural electrode implantable device brain–machine interface animal model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/1/178 |
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