Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Genomic studies have identified some of the most relevant genetic players in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis. However, we are still far from being able to draw a model that encompasses their heterogeneity, elucidates the different biological effects consequent to the identified molecular...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10328 |
| _version_ | 1797516359036305408 |
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| author | Lorenza Pastorino Federica Grillo Manuela Albertelli Paola Ghiorzo William Bruno |
| author_facet | Lorenza Pastorino Federica Grillo Manuela Albertelli Paola Ghiorzo William Bruno |
| author_sort | Lorenza Pastorino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genomic studies have identified some of the most relevant genetic players in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis. However, we are still far from being able to draw a model that encompasses their heterogeneity, elucidates the different biological effects consequent to the identified molecular events, or incorporates extensive knowledge of molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we reviewed recent insights in NEN tumorigenesis from selected basic research studies on animal models, highlighting novel players in the intergenic cooperation and peculiar mechanisms including splicing dysregulation, chromatin stability, or cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, models of tumorigenesis based on composite interactions other than a linear progression of events are proposed, exemplified by the involvement in NEN tumorigenesis of genes regulating complex functions, such as <i>MEN1</i> or <i>DAXX</i>. Although limited by interspecies differences, animal models have proved helpful for the more in-depth study of every facet of tumorigenesis, showing that the identification of driver mutations is only one of the many necessary steps and that other mechanisms are worth investigating. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:00:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afb76439c6e5464e80b8f322ac63ec62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:00:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-afb76439c6e5464e80b8f322ac63ec622023-11-22T16:07:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-09-0122191032810.3390/ijms221910328Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine NeoplasmsLorenza Pastorino0Federica Grillo1Manuela Albertelli2Paola Ghiorzo3William Bruno4Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, ItalyAnatomic Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, ItalyGenetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, ItalyGenetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, ItalyGenomic studies have identified some of the most relevant genetic players in Neuroendocrine Neoplasm (NEN) tumorigenesis. However, we are still far from being able to draw a model that encompasses their heterogeneity, elucidates the different biological effects consequent to the identified molecular events, or incorporates extensive knowledge of molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, we reviewed recent insights in NEN tumorigenesis from selected basic research studies on animal models, highlighting novel players in the intergenic cooperation and peculiar mechanisms including splicing dysregulation, chromatin stability, or cell dedifferentiation. Furthermore, models of tumorigenesis based on composite interactions other than a linear progression of events are proposed, exemplified by the involvement in NEN tumorigenesis of genes regulating complex functions, such as <i>MEN1</i> or <i>DAXX</i>. Although limited by interspecies differences, animal models have proved helpful for the more in-depth study of every facet of tumorigenesis, showing that the identification of driver mutations is only one of the many necessary steps and that other mechanisms are worth investigating.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10328neuroendocrine tumorstumorigenesisgenomic integritychromatin stabilitysplicinganimal models |
| spellingShingle | Lorenza Pastorino Federica Grillo Manuela Albertelli Paola Ghiorzo William Bruno Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms International Journal of Molecular Sciences neuroendocrine tumors tumorigenesis genomic integrity chromatin stability splicing animal models |
| title | Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms |
| title_full | Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms |
| title_fullStr | Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms |
| title_short | Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms |
| title_sort | insights into mechanisms of tumorigenesis in neuroendocrine neoplasms |
| topic | neuroendocrine tumors tumorigenesis genomic integrity chromatin stability splicing animal models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/19/10328 |
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