Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation
We present analyses of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase observations in multiple kinematic scenarios for different receiver types. Multi-GNSS observations are recorded on high sensitivity and geodetic-grade receivers operating on a moving zero-baseline by conducting terrestria...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4046 |
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| author | Fabian Ruwisch Ankit Jain Steffen Schön |
| author_facet | Fabian Ruwisch Ankit Jain Steffen Schön |
| author_sort | Fabian Ruwisch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present analyses of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase observations in multiple kinematic scenarios for different receiver types. Multi-GNSS observations are recorded on high sensitivity and geodetic-grade receivers operating on a moving zero-baseline by conducting terrestrial urban and aerial flight experiments. The captured data is post-processed; carrier phase residuals are computed using the double difference (DD) concept. The estimated noise levels of carrier phases are analysed with respect to different parameters. We find DD noise levels for L1 carrier phase observations in the range of 1.4–2 mm (GPS, Global Positioning System), 2.8–4.6 mm (GLONASS, Global Navigation Satellite System), and 1.5–1.7 mm (Galileo) for geodetic receiver pairs. The noise level for high sensitivity receivers is at least higher by a factor of 2. For satellites elevating above <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, the dominant noise process is white phase noise. For the flight experiment, the elevation dependency of the noise is well described by the exponential model, while for the terrestrial urban experiment, multipath and diffraction effects overlay; hence no elevation dependency is found. For both experiments, a carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) dependency for carrier phase DDs of GPS and Galileo is clearly visible with geodetic-grade receivers. In addition, C/N<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> dependency is also visible for carrier phase DDs of GLONASS with geodetic-grade receivers for the terrestrial urban experiment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:20:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-afb845d0a6ca4991875d242c752104f72023-11-20T07:24:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-07-012014404610.3390/s20144046Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial NavigationFabian Ruwisch0Ankit Jain1Steffen Schön2Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyInstitut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyInstitut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, GermanyWe present analyses of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) carrier phase observations in multiple kinematic scenarios for different receiver types. Multi-GNSS observations are recorded on high sensitivity and geodetic-grade receivers operating on a moving zero-baseline by conducting terrestrial urban and aerial flight experiments. The captured data is post-processed; carrier phase residuals are computed using the double difference (DD) concept. The estimated noise levels of carrier phases are analysed with respect to different parameters. We find DD noise levels for L1 carrier phase observations in the range of 1.4–2 mm (GPS, Global Positioning System), 2.8–4.6 mm (GLONASS, Global Navigation Satellite System), and 1.5–1.7 mm (Galileo) for geodetic receiver pairs. The noise level for high sensitivity receivers is at least higher by a factor of 2. For satellites elevating above <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mn>30</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>, the dominant noise process is white phase noise. For the flight experiment, the elevation dependency of the noise is well described by the exponential model, while for the terrestrial urban experiment, multipath and diffraction effects overlay; hence no elevation dependency is found. For both experiments, a carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>) dependency for carrier phase DDs of GPS and Galileo is clearly visible with geodetic-grade receivers. In addition, C/N<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> dependency is also visible for carrier phase DDs of GLONASS with geodetic-grade receivers for the terrestrial urban experiment.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4046Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)kinematic terrestrial and flight experimentgeodetic and high sensitivity GNSS receiversdouble differencerelative positioningstochastic models |
| spellingShingle | Fabian Ruwisch Ankit Jain Steffen Schön Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation Sensors Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) kinematic terrestrial and flight experiment geodetic and high sensitivity GNSS receivers double difference relative positioning stochastic models |
| title | Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation |
| title_full | Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation |
| title_fullStr | Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation |
| title_short | Characterisation of GNSS Carrier Phase Data on a Moving Zero-Baseline in Urban and Aerial Navigation |
| title_sort | characterisation of gnss carrier phase data on a moving zero baseline in urban and aerial navigation |
| topic | Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) kinematic terrestrial and flight experiment geodetic and high sensitivity GNSS receivers double difference relative positioning stochastic models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/14/4046 |
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