| Summary: | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Pleurotus sajor-caju</it> (<it>P. sajor-caju</it>) has been extremely useful in the prevention of diabetes mellitus due to its low fat and high soluble fiber content for thousands of years. Insulin resistance is a key component in the development of diabetes mellitus which is caused by inflammation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the <it>in vivo</it> efficacy of glucan-rich polysaccharide of <it>P. sajor-caju</it> (GE) against diabetes mellitus and inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding a high-fat diet. The mice were randomly assigned to 7 groups (n=6 per group). The control groups in this study were ND (for normal diet) and HFD (for high-fat diet). The treated groups were ND240 (for normal diet) (240 mg/kg b.w) and HFD60, HFD120 and HFD240 (for high-fat), where the mice were administrated with three dosages of GE (60, 120, 240 mg GE/kg b.w respectively). Metformin (2 mg/kg b.w) served as positive control. The glucose tolerance test, glucose and insulin levels were measured at the end of 16 weeks. Expressions of genes for inflammatory markers, GLUT-4 and adiponectin in the adipose tissue of the mice were assessed. One-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range tests (DMRT) were used to determine the significant differences between groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GE treated groups improved the glucose tolerance, attenuated hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the mice by up-regulating the adiponectin and GLUT-4 gene expressions. The mice in GE treated groups did not develop insulin resistance. GE also down-regulated the expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, SAA2, CRP and MCP-1) via attenuation of nuclear transcription factors (NF-κB).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Glucan-rich polysaccharide of <it>P. sajor-caju</it> can serve as a potential agent for prevention of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and inflammation.</p>
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