Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids
The red macroalga <i>Agarophyton chilensis</i> is a well-known producer of eicosanoids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, but the alga produces almost no prostaglandins, unlike the closely related <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. This indicates that the related two algae would...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/2/96 |
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| author | Masaki Honda Takashi Ishimaru Yutaka Itabashi Mikhail Vyssotski |
| author_facet | Masaki Honda Takashi Ishimaru Yutaka Itabashi Mikhail Vyssotski |
| author_sort | Masaki Honda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The red macroalga <i>Agarophyton chilensis</i> is a well-known producer of eicosanoids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, but the alga produces almost no prostaglandins, unlike the closely related <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. This indicates that the related two algae would have different enzyme systems or substrate composition. To carry out more in-depth discussions on the metabolic pathway of eicosanoids between the two algae, we investigated the characteristics of glycerolipids, which are the substrates of eicosanoids production, of <i>A. chilensis</i> and compared them to the reported values of <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. In <i>A. chilensis</i>, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were the major lipid classes and accounted for 44.4% of the total lipid extract. The predominant fatty acids were arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), an eicosanoids precursor, and palmitic acid (16:0). The 20:4n-6 content was extremely high in MGDG and PC (>70%), and the 16:0 content was extremely high in DGDG and SQDG (>40%). A chiral-phase HPLC analysis showed that fatty acids were esterified at the <i>sn</i>-1 and <i>sn</i>-2 positions of those lipids. The glycerolipid molecular species were determined by reversed-phase HPLC⁻ESI⁻MS analysis. The main glycerolipid molecular species were 20:4n-6/20:4n-6 (<i>sn</i>-1/<i>sn</i>-2) for MGDG (63.8%) and PC (48.2%), 20:4n-6/16:0 for DGDG (71.1%) and SQDG (29.4%). These lipid characteristics of <i>A. chilensis</i> were almost the same as those of <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. Hence, the differences of the eicosanoids producing ability between the two algae would not be due to the difference of substrate composition but the difference of enzyme system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:41:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afce0855cef74814a772dbaca167d5d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:41:20Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-afce0855cef74814a772dbaca167d5d12022-12-22T04:01:35ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972019-02-011729610.3390/md17020096md17020096Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of EicosanoidsMasaki Honda0Takashi Ishimaru1Yutaka Itabashi2Mikhail Vyssotski3Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, JapanFaculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-0811, JapanFaculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato-cho, Hakodate 041-0811, JapanCallaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Road, P.O. Box 31310, Lower Hutt 5040, New ZealandThe red macroalga <i>Agarophyton chilensis</i> is a well-known producer of eicosanoids such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, but the alga produces almost no prostaglandins, unlike the closely related <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. This indicates that the related two algae would have different enzyme systems or substrate composition. To carry out more in-depth discussions on the metabolic pathway of eicosanoids between the two algae, we investigated the characteristics of glycerolipids, which are the substrates of eicosanoids production, of <i>A. chilensis</i> and compared them to the reported values of <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. In <i>A. chilensis</i>, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were the major lipid classes and accounted for 44.4% of the total lipid extract. The predominant fatty acids were arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), an eicosanoids precursor, and palmitic acid (16:0). The 20:4n-6 content was extremely high in MGDG and PC (>70%), and the 16:0 content was extremely high in DGDG and SQDG (>40%). A chiral-phase HPLC analysis showed that fatty acids were esterified at the <i>sn</i>-1 and <i>sn</i>-2 positions of those lipids. The glycerolipid molecular species were determined by reversed-phase HPLC⁻ESI⁻MS analysis. The main glycerolipid molecular species were 20:4n-6/20:4n-6 (<i>sn</i>-1/<i>sn</i>-2) for MGDG (63.8%) and PC (48.2%), 20:4n-6/16:0 for DGDG (71.1%) and SQDG (29.4%). These lipid characteristics of <i>A. chilensis</i> were almost the same as those of <i>A. vermiculophyllum</i>. Hence, the differences of the eicosanoids producing ability between the two algae would not be due to the difference of substrate composition but the difference of enzyme system.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/2/96<i>Agarophyton chilensis</i><i>Agarophyton vermiculophyllum</i>lipid classfatty acidglycerolipid molecular speciesarachidonic acid cascade |
| spellingShingle | Masaki Honda Takashi Ishimaru Yutaka Itabashi Mikhail Vyssotski Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids Marine Drugs <i>Agarophyton chilensis</i> <i>Agarophyton vermiculophyllum</i> lipid class fatty acid glycerolipid molecular species arachidonic acid cascade |
| title | Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids |
| title_full | Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids |
| title_fullStr | Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids |
| title_short | Glycerolipid Composition of the Red Macroalga <i>Agarophyton Chilensis</i> and Comparison to the Closely Related <i>Agarophyton Vermiculophyllum</i> Producing Different Types of Eicosanoids |
| title_sort | glycerolipid composition of the red macroalga i agarophyton chilensis i and comparison to the closely related i agarophyton vermiculophyllum i producing different types of eicosanoids |
| topic | <i>Agarophyton chilensis</i> <i>Agarophyton vermiculophyllum</i> lipid class fatty acid glycerolipid molecular species arachidonic acid cascade |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/17/2/96 |
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