Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is currently incurable, especially in elderly patients. Due to the limited axon regeneration capacity and hostile microenvironment in the lesion site, essential neural network reconstruction remains challenging. Owing to the blood...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.963539/full |
| _version_ | 1811297706860085248 |
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| author | Liu Zhen-Gang Yang Fan Shi Jingwei Chang Pengyu Yu Shengman Zhang Bo-Yin |
| author_facet | Liu Zhen-Gang Yang Fan Shi Jingwei Chang Pengyu Yu Shengman Zhang Bo-Yin |
| author_sort | Liu Zhen-Gang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is currently incurable, especially in elderly patients. Due to the limited axon regeneration capacity and hostile microenvironment in the lesion site, essential neural network reconstruction remains challenging. Owing to the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) created immune cells and cytokines isolation, the immune elements were incorrectly recognized as innocent bystanders during the SCI pathological process traditionally. Emerging evidence demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is an “immunological quiescent” rather than “immune privileged” area, and the CNS-associated immune response played mixed roles which dedicate beneficial and detrimental contributions throughout the SCI process. Consequently, coordinating double-edged immunomodulation is vital to promote tissue repair and neurological recovery post-SCI. The comprehensive exploration and understanding of the immune landscape post-SCI are essential in establishing new avenues for further basic and clinical studies. In this context, this review summarizes the recent significant breakthroughs in key aspects of SCI-related immunomodulation, including innate and adaptive immune response, immune organ changes, and holistic immune status modification. Moreover, the currently existing immune-oriented therapies for SCI will be outlined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:09:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afe6931aa2ff4c54ab4b29385c6b4f4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:09:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-afe6931aa2ff4c54ab4b29385c6b4f4c2022-12-22T02:59:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652022-12-011410.3389/fnagi.2022.963539963539Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and whiteLiu Zhen-Gang0Yang Fan1Shi Jingwei2Chang Pengyu3Yu Shengman4Zhang Bo-Yin5Department of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaRadiotherapy Department, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaSchool of Laboratory Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaSpinal cord injury (SCI) induced catastrophic neurological disability is currently incurable, especially in elderly patients. Due to the limited axon regeneration capacity and hostile microenvironment in the lesion site, essential neural network reconstruction remains challenging. Owing to the blood–spinal cord barrier (BSCB) created immune cells and cytokines isolation, the immune elements were incorrectly recognized as innocent bystanders during the SCI pathological process traditionally. Emerging evidence demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is an “immunological quiescent” rather than “immune privileged” area, and the CNS-associated immune response played mixed roles which dedicate beneficial and detrimental contributions throughout the SCI process. Consequently, coordinating double-edged immunomodulation is vital to promote tissue repair and neurological recovery post-SCI. The comprehensive exploration and understanding of the immune landscape post-SCI are essential in establishing new avenues for further basic and clinical studies. In this context, this review summarizes the recent significant breakthroughs in key aspects of SCI-related immunomodulation, including innate and adaptive immune response, immune organ changes, and holistic immune status modification. Moreover, the currently existing immune-oriented therapies for SCI will be outlined.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.963539/fullspinal cord injurycentral nervous systemimmune cellsglial cellsimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Liu Zhen-Gang Yang Fan Shi Jingwei Chang Pengyu Yu Shengman Zhang Bo-Yin Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience spinal cord injury central nervous system immune cells glial cells immunotherapy |
| title | Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white |
| title_full | Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white |
| title_fullStr | Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white |
| title_short | Revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury: More than black and white |
| title_sort | revisiting the immune landscape post spinal cord injury more than black and white |
| topic | spinal cord injury central nervous system immune cells glial cells immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.963539/full |
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