Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary
Sediment compaction due to the extraction of groundwater and self-weight consolidation, and monitoring land settlement of the river delta using geodetic measurement has been executed in several studies, while sediment settlement in the estuary is hypothesized due to dynamic loads. The present study...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/1/27 |
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| author | Andi Patriadi Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro Dwa Desa Warnana Wasis Wardoyo Toshifumi Mukunoki Gozo Tsujimoto Mahendra Andiek Maulana Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya |
| author_facet | Andi Patriadi Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro Dwa Desa Warnana Wasis Wardoyo Toshifumi Mukunoki Gozo Tsujimoto Mahendra Andiek Maulana Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya |
| author_sort | Andi Patriadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sediment compaction due to the extraction of groundwater and self-weight consolidation, and monitoring land settlement of the river delta using geodetic measurement has been executed in several studies, while sediment settlement in the estuary is hypothesized due to dynamic loads. The present study aimed to observe clues for the occurrence of sediment settlement due to loading variation and deposit layer characteristics in the estuary. This research was based on four loading data for examination, i.e., hydraulic head pressure, sediment transport rate, sediment deposition, and water density. Two years of previous research simulations, including the rainy and dry seasons, were recalculated to gain the load pressure and were considered to assess the maximum load prediction. This review found evidence that dynamic loads predominated in maximum pressure changes in boreholes (BH2) and (BH3), and were due to river discharge and tidal occurrence, respectively. The dynamic load of sediment in BH2 contributed more than in BH3, where it was almost nonexistent. Observing the sediment layer characteristics, both settled for almost a month and two weeks, respectively, showed sediment settlement of more or less than 2 and 8 mm. Despite insignificant loading changes, these findings can further our understanding of loading criteria and settlement in different geometric locations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:12:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-afe796c968d0417885eab9f3d8cfd095 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:12:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-afe796c968d0417885eab9f3d8cfd0952023-11-23T14:15:49ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122021-12-011012710.3390/jmse10010027Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an EstuaryAndi Patriadi0Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro1Dwa Desa Warnana2Wasis Wardoyo3Toshifumi Mukunoki4Gozo Tsujimoto5Mahendra Andiek Maulana6Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya7Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, UNTAG Surabaya, Surabaya 60118, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, ITS, Surabaya 60111, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaGeophysical Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, ITS, Surabaya 60111, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, ITS, Surabaya 60111, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, JapanCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, ITS, Surabaya 60111, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, ITS, Surabaya 60111, Jawa Timur, IndonesiaSediment compaction due to the extraction of groundwater and self-weight consolidation, and monitoring land settlement of the river delta using geodetic measurement has been executed in several studies, while sediment settlement in the estuary is hypothesized due to dynamic loads. The present study aimed to observe clues for the occurrence of sediment settlement due to loading variation and deposit layer characteristics in the estuary. This research was based on four loading data for examination, i.e., hydraulic head pressure, sediment transport rate, sediment deposition, and water density. Two years of previous research simulations, including the rainy and dry seasons, were recalculated to gain the load pressure and were considered to assess the maximum load prediction. This review found evidence that dynamic loads predominated in maximum pressure changes in boreholes (BH2) and (BH3), and were due to river discharge and tidal occurrence, respectively. The dynamic load of sediment in BH2 contributed more than in BH3, where it was almost nonexistent. Observing the sediment layer characteristics, both settled for almost a month and two weeks, respectively, showed sediment settlement of more or less than 2 and 8 mm. Despite insignificant loading changes, these findings can further our understanding of loading criteria and settlement in different geometric locations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/1/27sediment loading criteriasediment layer characteristicsediment settlement |
| spellingShingle | Andi Patriadi Ria Asih Aryani Soemitro Dwa Desa Warnana Wasis Wardoyo Toshifumi Mukunoki Gozo Tsujimoto Mahendra Andiek Maulana Trihanyndio Rendy Satrya Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary Journal of Marine Science and Engineering sediment loading criteria sediment layer characteristic sediment settlement |
| title | Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary |
| title_full | Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary |
| title_fullStr | Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary |
| title_full_unstemmed | Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary |
| title_short | Loading Criteria and Deposit Layer Characteristics as Causes of Sediment Settlement in an Estuary |
| title_sort | loading criteria and deposit layer characteristics as causes of sediment settlement in an estuary |
| topic | sediment loading criteria sediment layer characteristic sediment settlement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/1/27 |
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