Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans
Organisms are exposed to temperatures that vary, for example on diurnal and seasonal time scales. Thus, the ability to behaviorally and/or physiologically respond to variation in temperatures is a fundamental requirement for long-term persistence. Studies on thermal biology in ectotherms are typical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.555843/full |
| _version_ | 1828880657280925696 |
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| author | Jesper G. Sørensen Tommaso Manenti Jesper S. Bechsgaard Mads F. Schou Torsten N. Kristensen Volker Loeschcke |
| author_facet | Jesper G. Sørensen Tommaso Manenti Jesper S. Bechsgaard Mads F. Schou Torsten N. Kristensen Volker Loeschcke |
| author_sort | Jesper G. Sørensen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Organisms are exposed to temperatures that vary, for example on diurnal and seasonal time scales. Thus, the ability to behaviorally and/or physiologically respond to variation in temperatures is a fundamental requirement for long-term persistence. Studies on thermal biology in ectotherms are typically performed under constant laboratory conditions, which differ markedly from the variation in temperature across time and space in nature. Here, we investigate evolutionary adaptation and environmentally induced plastic responses of Drosophila simulans to no fluctuations (constant), predictable fluctuations or unpredictable fluctuations in temperature. We whole-genome sequenced populations exposed to 20 generations of experimental evolution under the three thermal regimes and examined the proteome after short-term exposure to the same three regimes. We find that unpredictable fluctuations cause the strongest response at both genome and proteome levels. The loci showing evolutionary responses were generally unique to each thermal regime, but a minor overlap suggests either common laboratory adaptation or that some loci were involved in the adaptation to multiple thermal regimes. The evolutionary response, i.e., loci under selection, did not coincide with induced responses of the proteome. Thus, genes under selection in fluctuating thermal environments are distinct from genes important for the adaptive plastic response observed within a generation. This information is key to obtain a better understanding and prediction of the effects of future increases in both mean and variability of temperatures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:52:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aff0ce2f3e4043e6afeb20d65cac9512 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:52:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-aff0ce2f3e4043e6afeb20d65cac95122022-12-21T23:51:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212020-10-011110.3389/fgene.2020.555843555843Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulansJesper G. Sørensen0Tommaso Manenti1Jesper S. Bechsgaard2Mads F. Schou3Torsten N. Kristensen4Volker Loeschcke5Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DenmarkDepartment of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DenmarkOrganisms are exposed to temperatures that vary, for example on diurnal and seasonal time scales. Thus, the ability to behaviorally and/or physiologically respond to variation in temperatures is a fundamental requirement for long-term persistence. Studies on thermal biology in ectotherms are typically performed under constant laboratory conditions, which differ markedly from the variation in temperature across time and space in nature. Here, we investigate evolutionary adaptation and environmentally induced plastic responses of Drosophila simulans to no fluctuations (constant), predictable fluctuations or unpredictable fluctuations in temperature. We whole-genome sequenced populations exposed to 20 generations of experimental evolution under the three thermal regimes and examined the proteome after short-term exposure to the same three regimes. We find that unpredictable fluctuations cause the strongest response at both genome and proteome levels. The loci showing evolutionary responses were generally unique to each thermal regime, but a minor overlap suggests either common laboratory adaptation or that some loci were involved in the adaptation to multiple thermal regimes. The evolutionary response, i.e., loci under selection, did not coincide with induced responses of the proteome. Thus, genes under selection in fluctuating thermal environments are distinct from genes important for the adaptive plastic response observed within a generation. This information is key to obtain a better understanding and prediction of the effects of future increases in both mean and variability of temperatures.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.555843/fullheat tolerancegenomicsproteomicsthermal fluctuationsDrosophila simulans |
| spellingShingle | Jesper G. Sørensen Tommaso Manenti Jesper S. Bechsgaard Mads F. Schou Torsten N. Kristensen Volker Loeschcke Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans Frontiers in Genetics heat tolerance genomics proteomics thermal fluctuations Drosophila simulans |
| title | Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans |
| title_full | Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans |
| title_fullStr | Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans |
| title_short | Pronounced Plastic and Evolutionary Responses to Unpredictable Thermal Fluctuations in Drosophila simulans |
| title_sort | pronounced plastic and evolutionary responses to unpredictable thermal fluctuations in drosophila simulans |
| topic | heat tolerance genomics proteomics thermal fluctuations Drosophila simulans |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.555843/full |
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