Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione
Cyanobacteria produce a range of toxic secondary metabolites that affect many processes in human, animal and also plant cells. In recent years, some efforts have concentrated on deepening the understanding of their effect on living cells in the context of the disruption of antioxidant systems. Many...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/2/227 |
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| author | Michal Adamski Ariel Kaminski |
| author_facet | Michal Adamski Ariel Kaminski |
| author_sort | Michal Adamski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cyanobacteria produce a range of toxic secondary metabolites that affect many processes in human, animal and also plant cells. In recent years, some efforts have concentrated on deepening the understanding of their effect on living cells in the context of the disruption of antioxidant systems. Many results suggest that cyanotoxins interfere with glutathione (GSH) metabolism, which often leads to oxidative stress and, in many cases, cell death. Knowledge about the influence of cyanotoxins on enzymes involved in GSH synthesis or during its antioxidant action is relatively broad. However, to date, there is no information about the antioxidant properties of GSH after its direct interaction with cyanotoxins. In this paper, we investigated the effect of four cyanotoxins belonging to the groups of hepatotoxins (microcystin-LR and nodularin) or neurotoxins (anatoxin-a and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) on the in vitro antioxidant properties of GSH. Moreover, the same study was performed for domoic acid (DA) produced by some diatoms. The obtained results showed that none of the studied compounds had an effect on GSH antioxidant potential. The results presented in this paper are, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of the kinetics of scavenging radicals by GSH reactions under the influence of these cyanotoxins and DA. This work provides new and valuable data that broadens the knowledge of the impact of cyanotoxins and DA on GSH metabolism and complements currently available information. Future studies should focus on the effects of the studied compounds on antioxidant systems in vivo. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:35:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-aff1e57e14bf44159bf9b06b0d6762b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:35:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-aff1e57e14bf44159bf9b06b0d6762b42023-11-23T20:46:04ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-01-0112222710.3390/life12020227Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of GlutathioneMichal Adamski0Ariel Kaminski1Department of Phycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, PolandLaboratory of Metabolomics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, PolandCyanobacteria produce a range of toxic secondary metabolites that affect many processes in human, animal and also plant cells. In recent years, some efforts have concentrated on deepening the understanding of their effect on living cells in the context of the disruption of antioxidant systems. Many results suggest that cyanotoxins interfere with glutathione (GSH) metabolism, which often leads to oxidative stress and, in many cases, cell death. Knowledge about the influence of cyanotoxins on enzymes involved in GSH synthesis or during its antioxidant action is relatively broad. However, to date, there is no information about the antioxidant properties of GSH after its direct interaction with cyanotoxins. In this paper, we investigated the effect of four cyanotoxins belonging to the groups of hepatotoxins (microcystin-LR and nodularin) or neurotoxins (anatoxin-a and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) on the in vitro antioxidant properties of GSH. Moreover, the same study was performed for domoic acid (DA) produced by some diatoms. The obtained results showed that none of the studied compounds had an effect on GSH antioxidant potential. The results presented in this paper are, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of the kinetics of scavenging radicals by GSH reactions under the influence of these cyanotoxins and DA. This work provides new and valuable data that broadens the knowledge of the impact of cyanotoxins and DA on GSH metabolism and complements currently available information. Future studies should focus on the effects of the studied compounds on antioxidant systems in vivo.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/2/227cyanobacteriacyanotoxinsglutathioneantioxidant properties |
| spellingShingle | Michal Adamski Ariel Kaminski Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione Life cyanobacteria cyanotoxins glutathione antioxidant properties |
| title | Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione |
| title_full | Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione |
| title_short | Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione |
| title_sort | effect of microcystin lr nodularin anatoxin a β n methylamino l alanine and domoic acid on antioxidant properties of glutathione |
| topic | cyanobacteria cyanotoxins glutathione antioxidant properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/2/227 |
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