| Summary: | The estimation of ecosystem service value of water resources in the Tarim River Basin is of great significance for resource allocation management and ecological protection. However, there is still no unified and complete evaluation method for the ecosystem service value of inland rivers in China. Based on the perspective of the whole value chain, this study classified its ecological service functions and divided 11 sub-categories into four categories (supply, regulation, culture, and support) as evaluation indicators to carry out the quantitative evaluation. The results showed that the total value of ecosystem services in the Tarim River Basin in 2018 was USD 96.0262 billion (10<sup>9</sup>), and the values of regulating function, cultural function, supporting function, and supply function were, successively from high to low, as follows: USD 38.7938 × 10<sup>9</sup>, USD 36.7204 × 10<sup>9</sup>, USD 19.6209 × 10<sup>9</sup>, USD 0.8911 × 10<sup>9</sup>, among which the value of regulation function was dominant.
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