Phase Equilibria of the In–Pd–Sn System at 500 °C and 800 °C: Experimental Study and CALPHAD Modeling

Phase equilibria in the In–Pd–Sn system were investigated by a combination of key experiments and thermodynamic modeling. Partial isothermal sections at 500 °C and 800 °C of the In–Pd–Sn system for Pd contents above 66 at.% have been plotted experimentally using scanning electron microscopy with ene...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alexandr S. Pavlenko, Elizaveta G. Kabanova, Maria A. Kareva, Evgeniya A. Ptashkina, Alexander L. Kustov, Galina P. Zhmurko, Victor N. Kuznetsov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-02-01
Series:Materials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/4/1690
Description
Summary:Phase equilibria in the In–Pd–Sn system were investigated by a combination of key experiments and thermodynamic modeling. Partial isothermal sections at 500 °C and 800 °C of the In–Pd–Sn system for Pd contents above 66 at.% have been plotted experimentally using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solubility of the third component in binary compounds InPd<sub>3</sub> and Pd<sub>3</sub>Sn was determined. The new ternary compound τ<sub>1</sub> was found in Pd contents ranging from 20 to 25 at.% and at Sn contents varying from 5 to approximately 17 at.% Sn. This compound crystallizes in an Al<sub>3</sub>Ti-type tetragonal structure. Isostructural InPd<sub>2</sub> and Pd<sub>2</sub>Sn phases from the In–Pd and Pd–Sn binary compositions form a continuous phase field in the ternary system at both temperatures. The temperatures of the solidus, liquidus, and phase transitions of the alloys along the Pd–In50Sn50 line were measured using DTA/DSC. Thermodynamic calculation of the In–Pd–Sn ternary system is performed using the CALPHAD method using the Thermo-Calc<sup>®</sup> software. The thermodynamic properties of the disordered fcc and liquid phases were described by the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu model. To describe intermetallic phases, namely, InPd<sub>3</sub>, Pd<sub>3</sub>Sn, τ<sub>1</sub> and Pd<sub>2</sub>(In<sub>x</sub>Sn<sub>1−x</sub>), a two-sublattice models was used. Thermodynamic description of the In–Pd–Sn system obtained in this study is in good agreement both with our results and the published experimental data
ISSN:1996-1944