Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde

IntroductionDiarrheal disease is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity in Africa and results primarily from contaminated food and water sources, but its prevalence predictors in Cape Verde are not completely known. For this reason, this study aimed to identify the etiological agents of dia...

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Main Authors: Denise Andrade Colito, Roberto Dorta-Guerra, Hailton Spencer Da Costa Lima, Carine Pina, Deisy Gonçalves, Basilio Valladares, Pilar Foronda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059431/full
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author Denise Andrade Colito
Roberto Dorta-Guerra
Roberto Dorta-Guerra
Hailton Spencer Da Costa Lima
Carine Pina
Deisy Gonçalves
Basilio Valladares
Basilio Valladares
Pilar Foronda
Pilar Foronda
author_facet Denise Andrade Colito
Roberto Dorta-Guerra
Roberto Dorta-Guerra
Hailton Spencer Da Costa Lima
Carine Pina
Deisy Gonçalves
Basilio Valladares
Basilio Valladares
Pilar Foronda
Pilar Foronda
author_sort Denise Andrade Colito
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDiarrheal disease is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity in Africa and results primarily from contaminated food and water sources, but its prevalence predictors in Cape Verde are not completely known. For this reason, this study aimed to identify the etiological agents of diarrhea in Cape Verdean children and assess its associated risk factors.MethodsA survey questionnaire was used, and a total of 105 stool samples from children with diarrhea aged 0–12 years at the Central Hospital of Praia (Santiago, Cape Verde) were analyzed. The analyses were carried out using Biofire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panels. Possible risk factors for these pathogens were analyzed using logistic regression, chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsAmong the bacteria, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (45.71%; 95% CI: 36.71–56.70), enteropathogenic E. coli (40%; 95% CI: 30.56–50.02), Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (29.52%; 95% CI: 21.02–39.22), E. coli enterotoxigenic (12.38%; 95% CI: 6.76–20.24), Campylobacter sp. (10.48%; 95% CI: 5.35–1.97), Vibrio sp. (4.76%; 95% CI: 1.56–10.76), Clostridioides difficile (3.81%; 95% CI: 1.05–9.47), Vibrio cholerae (2.86%; 0.59–8.12), Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (2.86%; 0.59–8.12) and Salmonella sp. (0.95%; 0.02–5.19) were identified; four viruses, Rotavirus A (28.57%; 95% CI: 20.18–38.21), Sapovirus I. II. IV and V (11.43%; 95% CI: 6.05–19.11), Norovirus GI.GII (6.67%; 95% CI: 2.72–13.25) and Adenovirus F 40.41 (6.67%; 95% CI: 2.72–13.25) were also observed. All the pathogens detected in this study were found in coinfections. Significant associations with risk factors were found; specifically, having a bathroom at home reduced the risk of Campylobacter sp., having animals at home increased the risk of Shigella/EIEC infection, and drinking bottled water reduced the risk of Sapovirus infection.DiscussionFrom the findings of this study, it can be concluded that, in Cape Verde, there is a high prevalence and diversity of pathogens among children. Our results could help to establish an adequate diagnosis and effective treatments for diarrheal disease.
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spelling doaj.art-aff4f77807df409aa8a34a4b1965ae162022-12-22T10:36:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-12-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.10594311059431Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape VerdeDenise Andrade Colito0Roberto Dorta-Guerra1Roberto Dorta-Guerra2Hailton Spencer Da Costa Lima3Carine Pina4Deisy Gonçalves5Basilio Valladares6Basilio Valladares7Pilar Foronda8Pilar Foronda9Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Cape Verde, Palmarejo, Cape VerdeDepartamento de Matemáticas, Estadística e IO, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainFaculty of Science and Technology, University of Cape Verde, Palmarejo, Cape VerdeFaculty of Science and Technology, University of Cape Verde, Palmarejo, Cape VerdeFaculty of Science and Technology, University of Cape Verde, Palmarejo, Cape VerdeInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainDepartamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainInstituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainDepartamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, SpainIntroductionDiarrheal disease is a major cause of infant mortality and morbidity in Africa and results primarily from contaminated food and water sources, but its prevalence predictors in Cape Verde are not completely known. For this reason, this study aimed to identify the etiological agents of diarrhea in Cape Verdean children and assess its associated risk factors.MethodsA survey questionnaire was used, and a total of 105 stool samples from children with diarrhea aged 0–12 years at the Central Hospital of Praia (Santiago, Cape Verde) were analyzed. The analyses were carried out using Biofire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panels. Possible risk factors for these pathogens were analyzed using logistic regression, chi-square tests, or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsAmong the bacteria, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (45.71%; 95% CI: 36.71–56.70), enteropathogenic E. coli (40%; 95% CI: 30.56–50.02), Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (29.52%; 95% CI: 21.02–39.22), E. coli enterotoxigenic (12.38%; 95% CI: 6.76–20.24), Campylobacter sp. (10.48%; 95% CI: 5.35–1.97), Vibrio sp. (4.76%; 95% CI: 1.56–10.76), Clostridioides difficile (3.81%; 95% CI: 1.05–9.47), Vibrio cholerae (2.86%; 0.59–8.12), Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (2.86%; 0.59–8.12) and Salmonella sp. (0.95%; 0.02–5.19) were identified; four viruses, Rotavirus A (28.57%; 95% CI: 20.18–38.21), Sapovirus I. II. IV and V (11.43%; 95% CI: 6.05–19.11), Norovirus GI.GII (6.67%; 95% CI: 2.72–13.25) and Adenovirus F 40.41 (6.67%; 95% CI: 2.72–13.25) were also observed. All the pathogens detected in this study were found in coinfections. Significant associations with risk factors were found; specifically, having a bathroom at home reduced the risk of Campylobacter sp., having animals at home increased the risk of Shigella/EIEC infection, and drinking bottled water reduced the risk of Sapovirus infection.DiscussionFrom the findings of this study, it can be concluded that, in Cape Verde, there is a high prevalence and diversity of pathogens among children. Our results could help to establish an adequate diagnosis and effective treatments for diarrheal disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059431/fulldiarrheabacteriavirusrisk factorsCape Verdechildren
spellingShingle Denise Andrade Colito
Roberto Dorta-Guerra
Roberto Dorta-Guerra
Hailton Spencer Da Costa Lima
Carine Pina
Deisy Gonçalves
Basilio Valladares
Basilio Valladares
Pilar Foronda
Pilar Foronda
Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde
Frontiers in Microbiology
diarrhea
bacteria
virus
risk factors
Cape Verde
children
title Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde
title_full Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde
title_fullStr Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde
title_full_unstemmed Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde
title_short Epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in Praia city, Cape Verde
title_sort epidemiological investigations of diarrhea in children in praia city cape verde
topic diarrhea
bacteria
virus
risk factors
Cape Verde
children
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059431/full
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