Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses
Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of domestic and wild canids of the world. This nematode induces esophageal spirocercosis and may eventually lead to carcinomas, aortic aneurisms, and death of the animal. Two genotypes of S. lupi have been described based on specimens from Europe, Asia, Africa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Parasitology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpara.2023.1249593/full |
| _version_ | 1827163257394167808 |
|---|---|
| author | Paula Alfaro-Segura Joby Robleto-Quesada Víctor M. Montenegro-Hidalgo Jose Arturo Molina-Mora Gad Baneth Guilherme G. Verocai Roger I. Rodriguez-Vivas Alicia Rojas Alicia Rojas |
| author_facet | Paula Alfaro-Segura Joby Robleto-Quesada Víctor M. Montenegro-Hidalgo Jose Arturo Molina-Mora Gad Baneth Guilherme G. Verocai Roger I. Rodriguez-Vivas Alicia Rojas Alicia Rojas |
| author_sort | Paula Alfaro-Segura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of domestic and wild canids of the world. This nematode induces esophageal spirocercosis and may eventually lead to carcinomas, aortic aneurisms, and death of the animal. Two genotypes of S. lupi have been described based on specimens from Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, but no profound analysis has been conducted with S. lupi from the Americas. To study this, S. lupi specimens isolated from domestic dogs from Mexico, Costa Rica, and the United States, were molecularly characterized using 18S rDNA and cox1 fragments. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees, Templeton-Crandall-Sing (TCS) haplotype networks and Principal coordinate analysis on nucleotide distances were constructed for each locus separately. In addition, a phylogeographic study using a fragment of the cox1 gene was used to infer the evolutionary history of the genus. BI cox1 trees grouped S. lupi from the Americas in genotype 1, together with Israeli specimens, and showed a high nucleotide identity with those worms. In the TCS network, American specimens clustered next to Israeli S. lupi. Furthermore, the 18S rDNA gene fragment separated Costa Rican worms from African, Asian, and European specimens and other species of the family Spiruridae. Interestingly, the phylogeographic analysis suggested that the origin of S. vulpis was in Europe, and it later diverged into S. lupi that spread first to Africa, then to Asia and finally to the Americas. Therefore, we suggest that the worms from the American continent might have originated from Asia by dispersion of infected intermediate, paratenic or definitive hosts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:21:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b000d7356d9242adbaf93b1fc75a3407 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2813-2424 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-21T00:57:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Parasitology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b000d7356d9242adbaf93b1fc75a34072024-08-03T04:43:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Parasitology2813-24242023-09-01210.3389/fpara.2023.12495931249593Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysesPaula Alfaro-Segura0Joby Robleto-Quesada1Víctor M. Montenegro-Hidalgo2Jose Arturo Molina-Mora3Gad Baneth4Guilherme G. Verocai5Roger I. Rodriguez-Vivas6Alicia Rojas7Alicia Rojas8Laboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa RicaLaboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa RicaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa RicaKoret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, IsraelDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United StatesCampus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, MexicoLaboratory of Helminthology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa RicaCentro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa RicaSpirocerca lupi is a parasitic nematode of domestic and wild canids of the world. This nematode induces esophageal spirocercosis and may eventually lead to carcinomas, aortic aneurisms, and death of the animal. Two genotypes of S. lupi have been described based on specimens from Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, but no profound analysis has been conducted with S. lupi from the Americas. To study this, S. lupi specimens isolated from domestic dogs from Mexico, Costa Rica, and the United States, were molecularly characterized using 18S rDNA and cox1 fragments. Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic trees, Templeton-Crandall-Sing (TCS) haplotype networks and Principal coordinate analysis on nucleotide distances were constructed for each locus separately. In addition, a phylogeographic study using a fragment of the cox1 gene was used to infer the evolutionary history of the genus. BI cox1 trees grouped S. lupi from the Americas in genotype 1, together with Israeli specimens, and showed a high nucleotide identity with those worms. In the TCS network, American specimens clustered next to Israeli S. lupi. Furthermore, the 18S rDNA gene fragment separated Costa Rican worms from African, Asian, and European specimens and other species of the family Spiruridae. Interestingly, the phylogeographic analysis suggested that the origin of S. vulpis was in Europe, and it later diverged into S. lupi that spread first to Africa, then to Asia and finally to the Americas. Therefore, we suggest that the worms from the American continent might have originated from Asia by dispersion of infected intermediate, paratenic or definitive hosts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpara.2023.1249593/fullSpirocerca lupiphylogeneticsphylogeographySpirocerca vulpismigration |
| spellingShingle | Paula Alfaro-Segura Joby Robleto-Quesada Víctor M. Montenegro-Hidalgo Jose Arturo Molina-Mora Gad Baneth Guilherme G. Verocai Roger I. Rodriguez-Vivas Alicia Rojas Alicia Rojas Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses Frontiers in Parasitology Spirocerca lupi phylogenetics phylogeography Spirocerca vulpis migration |
| title | Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses |
| title_full | Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses |
| title_fullStr | Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses |
| title_short | Elucidating Spirocerca lupi spread in the Americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses |
| title_sort | elucidating spirocerca lupi spread in the americas by using phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses |
| topic | Spirocerca lupi phylogenetics phylogeography Spirocerca vulpis migration |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpara.2023.1249593/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paulaalfarosegura elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT jobyrobletoquesada elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT victormmontenegrohidalgo elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT josearturomolinamora elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT gadbaneth elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT guilhermegverocai elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT rogerirodriguezvivas elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT aliciarojas elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses AT aliciarojas elucidatingspirocercalupispreadintheamericasbyusingphylogeneticandphylogeographicanalyses |