Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters
Non-local mean (NLM) can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but it inevitably reduces the spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber sensors (DFOS), which hinders its practical application and the improvement of DFOS performance. In this paper, the quantitative relationship...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| author | Yunfei Chen Shuhan Zhu Kaimin Yu Minfeng Wu Lei Feng Peibin Zhu Wen Chen |
| author_facet | Yunfei Chen Shuhan Zhu Kaimin Yu Minfeng Wu Lei Feng Peibin Zhu Wen Chen |
| author_sort | Yunfei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-local mean (NLM) can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but it inevitably reduces the spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber sensors (DFOS), which hinders its practical application and the improvement of DFOS performance. In this paper, the quantitative relationship between the signal broadening of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>φ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-OTDR) and the NLM parameters is analyzed to identify the cause and extent of the spatial resolution degradation. The denoising results for the mimic periodic and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>φ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-OTDR vibration signals indicate that the signal broadening is mainly due to the similarity window size of NLM, and the signal amplitude reduction is caused by the Gaussian smoothing parameter. Compared with the reference signals, the signal broadening of the mimic and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>φ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-OTDR signals after denoising are 2.56% and 2.74%, respectively, which is much less than the previous results. The signal amplitude is reduced by 9.25% and 13.62%, respectively. This work promotes the application of NLM and improves the performance of DFOS. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b001dee31b2b402880e0a97da1d1da362023-11-18T02:54:04ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322023-05-0110552910.3390/photonics10050529Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM ParametersYunfei Chen0Shuhan Zhu1Kaimin Yu2Minfeng Wu3Lei Feng4Peibin Zhu5Wen Chen6School of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaSchool of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, ChinaSchool of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaSchool of Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, MalaysiaSchool of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaSchool of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaSchool of Ocean Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaNon-local mean (NLM) can significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but it inevitably reduces the spatial resolution of distributed optical fiber sensors (DFOS), which hinders its practical application and the improvement of DFOS performance. In this paper, the quantitative relationship between the signal broadening of a phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>φ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-OTDR) and the NLM parameters is analyzed to identify the cause and extent of the spatial resolution degradation. The denoising results for the mimic periodic and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>φ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-OTDR vibration signals indicate that the signal broadening is mainly due to the similarity window size of NLM, and the signal amplitude reduction is caused by the Gaussian smoothing parameter. Compared with the reference signals, the signal broadening of the mimic and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>φ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>-OTDR signals after denoising are 2.56% and 2.74%, respectively, which is much less than the previous results. The signal amplitude is reduced by 9.25% and 13.62%, respectively. This work promotes the application of NLM and improves the performance of DFOS.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/5/529correlationimage processingoptical time domain reflectometryrayleigh scattering |
| spellingShingle | Yunfei Chen Shuhan Zhu Kaimin Yu Minfeng Wu Lei Feng Peibin Zhu Wen Chen Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters Photonics correlation image processing optical time domain reflectometry rayleigh scattering |
| title | Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters |
| title_full | Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters |
| title_fullStr | Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters |
| title_short | Quantitative Analysis of <i>φ</i>-OTDR Spatial Resolution Influenced by NLM Parameters |
| title_sort | quantitative analysis of i φ i otdr spatial resolution influenced by nlm parameters |
| topic | correlation image processing optical time domain reflectometry rayleigh scattering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/5/529 |
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