The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study
Introduction Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines have been linked to a variety of adverse effects including addiction. Long term use of these drugs has been associated with an increased risk of suicide. Objectives We assessed if individuals in treatment with non-benzodiazepine (n-BZD) and benz...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2022-06-01
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| Series: | European Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822004783/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1797617223730200576 |
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| author | N. Høier T. Madsen A. Spira K. Hawton P. Jennum M. Nordentoft A. Erlangsen |
| author_facet | N. Høier T. Madsen A. Spira K. Hawton P. Jennum M. Nordentoft A. Erlangsen |
| author_sort | N. Høier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction
Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines have been linked to a variety of adverse effects including addiction. Long term use of these drugs has been associated with an increased risk of suicide.
Objectives
We assessed if individuals in treatment with non-benzodiazepine (n-BZD) and benzodiazepine (BZD) had higher rates of suicide when compared to individuals not in treatment with these drugs.
Methods
We utilized a cohort design and national longitudinal data on all individuals aged 10 or above who lived in Denmark between 1995 and 2018. Treatment with either n-BZD or BZD was identified via the Danish National Prescription Registry and suicide deaths were identified in the national cause of death registries.
Results
In a total of 6,494,206 individuals, 10,862 males and 4,214 females died by suicide. Of these, 1,220 (11.2%) males and 792 (18.8%) females had been in treatment with n-BZD, resulting in adjusted IRR for suicide of 4.2 (95% CI, 4.0 – 4.5) and 3.4 (95% CI, 3.1 – 3.7) for males and females, respectively, when compared to those not in treatment. In all, 529 (4.8%) males and 395 (9.3%) females who died by suicide had been in treatment with BZD. The IRRs for suicide were 2.4 (95% CI, 2.2 – 2.6) and 2.5 (95% CI, 2.3 – 2.8) for males and females, respectively, and compared to those not in treatment.
Conclusions
In this study we find that those in treatment experienced higher suicide rates than those not in treatment, this persisted when also adjusting for a large variety of covariates.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:52:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b001ee4c14e64dec8348277cad83313d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0924-9338 1778-3585 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:52:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-b001ee4c14e64dec8348277cad83313d2023-11-17T05:06:25ZengCambridge University PressEuropean Psychiatry0924-93381778-35852022-06-0165S181S18110.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.478The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort studyN. Høier0T. Madsen1A. Spira2K. Hawton3P. Jennum4M. Nordentoft5A. Erlangsen6Mental Health Centre Copenhagen (CORE), Danish Research Institute For Suicide Prevention, Hellerup, DenmarkMental Health Center Copenhagen, Core-copenhagen Research Center For Mental Health, Hellerup, DenmarkJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department Of Mental Health, Baltimore, United States of AmericaUniversity of Oxford, Centre For Suicide Research, Oxford, United KingdomDanish Center for Sleep Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen N, DenmarkCORE-Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Hellerup, DenmarkCORE-Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark Introduction Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines have been linked to a variety of adverse effects including addiction. Long term use of these drugs has been associated with an increased risk of suicide. Objectives We assessed if individuals in treatment with non-benzodiazepine (n-BZD) and benzodiazepine (BZD) had higher rates of suicide when compared to individuals not in treatment with these drugs. Methods We utilized a cohort design and national longitudinal data on all individuals aged 10 or above who lived in Denmark between 1995 and 2018. Treatment with either n-BZD or BZD was identified via the Danish National Prescription Registry and suicide deaths were identified in the national cause of death registries. Results In a total of 6,494,206 individuals, 10,862 males and 4,214 females died by suicide. Of these, 1,220 (11.2%) males and 792 (18.8%) females had been in treatment with n-BZD, resulting in adjusted IRR for suicide of 4.2 (95% CI, 4.0 – 4.5) and 3.4 (95% CI, 3.1 – 3.7) for males and females, respectively, when compared to those not in treatment. In all, 529 (4.8%) males and 395 (9.3%) females who died by suicide had been in treatment with BZD. The IRRs for suicide were 2.4 (95% CI, 2.2 – 2.6) and 2.5 (95% CI, 2.3 – 2.8) for males and females, respectively, and compared to those not in treatment. Conclusions In this study we find that those in treatment experienced higher suicide rates than those not in treatment, this persisted when also adjusting for a large variety of covariates. Disclosure No significant relationships. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822004783/type/journal_articleSuicidesleep medicinePharmacologybenzodiazepine |
| spellingShingle | N. Høier T. Madsen A. Spira K. Hawton P. Jennum M. Nordentoft A. Erlangsen The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study European Psychiatry Suicide sleep medicine Pharmacology benzodiazepine |
| title | The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study |
| title_full | The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study |
| title_fullStr | The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study |
| title_short | The association between benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine and suicide: a nationwide cohort study |
| title_sort | association between benzodiazepine and non benzodiazepine and suicide a nationwide cohort study |
| topic | Suicide sleep medicine Pharmacology benzodiazepine |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0924933822004783/type/journal_article |
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